Development of an Unmanned Glider for Temperature and Image Monitoring

This paper presents the design, fabrication, simulation, and partial validation of a low-cost, fixed-wing unmanned glider equipped for temperature and image monitoring. Aerodynamic optimization was performed using XFLR5 and ANSYS Fluent 2023 R1, with spanwise variation between NACA 63(3)-618 and NAC...

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Main Authors: Joel Eldo, Sivasankar Sibi, Zehin A. Ibrahim, Efstratios L. Ntantis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Drones
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/7/481
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author Joel Eldo
Sivasankar Sibi
Zehin A. Ibrahim
Efstratios L. Ntantis
author_facet Joel Eldo
Sivasankar Sibi
Zehin A. Ibrahim
Efstratios L. Ntantis
author_sort Joel Eldo
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents the design, fabrication, simulation, and partial validation of a low-cost, fixed-wing unmanned glider equipped for temperature and image monitoring. Aerodynamic optimization was performed using XFLR5 and ANSYS Fluent 2023 R1, with spanwise variation between NACA 63(3)-618 and NACA 4415 to enhance performance. Wind tunnel tests of the selected airfoil showed good agreement with CFD predictions, with deviations within 5–10%. The airframe, fabricated using 3D-printed PLA with a cross-lattice structure, was integrated with an ESP32-CAM and temperature sensor. A reflective thermal coating was applied to mitigate the heat sensitivity of PLA. Propeller-induced flow was analyzed separately using the lattice Boltzmann method. Real-time flight behavior was simulated in a virtual environment via Simulink and FlightGear. While full in-flight testing is pending, the results demonstrate a scalable, open-source UAV platform for environmental monitoring and academic research.
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series Drones
spelling doaj-art-833e1f41d6e34f0db62ebb07a36bfa312025-08-20T02:45:55ZengMDPI AGDrones2504-446X2025-07-019748110.3390/drones9070481Development of an Unmanned Glider for Temperature and Image MonitoringJoel Eldo0Sivasankar Sibi1Zehin A. Ibrahim2Efstratios L. Ntantis3School of Engineering, Aerospace Department, Amity University Dubai, Dubai 345019, United Arab EmiratesSchool of Engineering, Aerospace Department, Amity University Dubai, Dubai 345019, United Arab EmiratesSchool of Engineering, Aerospace Department, Amity University Dubai, Dubai 345019, United Arab EmiratesSchool of Engineering, Aerospace Department, Amity University Dubai, Dubai 345019, United Arab EmiratesThis paper presents the design, fabrication, simulation, and partial validation of a low-cost, fixed-wing unmanned glider equipped for temperature and image monitoring. Aerodynamic optimization was performed using XFLR5 and ANSYS Fluent 2023 R1, with spanwise variation between NACA 63(3)-618 and NACA 4415 to enhance performance. Wind tunnel tests of the selected airfoil showed good agreement with CFD predictions, with deviations within 5–10%. The airframe, fabricated using 3D-printed PLA with a cross-lattice structure, was integrated with an ESP32-CAM and temperature sensor. A reflective thermal coating was applied to mitigate the heat sensitivity of PLA. Propeller-induced flow was analyzed separately using the lattice Boltzmann method. Real-time flight behavior was simulated in a virtual environment via Simulink and FlightGear. While full in-flight testing is pending, the results demonstrate a scalable, open-source UAV platform for environmental monitoring and academic research.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/7/481unmanned aerial vehicleglider designaerodynamic optimizationfluid dynamics validationwind tunnel testingflight simulation
spellingShingle Joel Eldo
Sivasankar Sibi
Zehin A. Ibrahim
Efstratios L. Ntantis
Development of an Unmanned Glider for Temperature and Image Monitoring
Drones
unmanned aerial vehicle
glider design
aerodynamic optimization
fluid dynamics validation
wind tunnel testing
flight simulation
title Development of an Unmanned Glider for Temperature and Image Monitoring
title_full Development of an Unmanned Glider for Temperature and Image Monitoring
title_fullStr Development of an Unmanned Glider for Temperature and Image Monitoring
title_full_unstemmed Development of an Unmanned Glider for Temperature and Image Monitoring
title_short Development of an Unmanned Glider for Temperature and Image Monitoring
title_sort development of an unmanned glider for temperature and image monitoring
topic unmanned aerial vehicle
glider design
aerodynamic optimization
fluid dynamics validation
wind tunnel testing
flight simulation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-446X/9/7/481
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AT sivasankarsibi developmentofanunmannedgliderfortemperatureandimagemonitoring
AT zehinaibrahim developmentofanunmannedgliderfortemperatureandimagemonitoring
AT efstratioslntantis developmentofanunmannedgliderfortemperatureandimagemonitoring