Assessing the effects of a mixed Eimeria spp. challenge on performance, intestinal integrity, and the gut microbiome of broiler chickens
A mixed Eimeria spp. challenge model was designed to assess the effects of challenge on broiler chicken performance, intestinal integrity, and the gut microbiome for future use to evaluate alternative strategies for controlling coccidiosis in broiler chickens. The experimental design involved broile...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1224647/full |
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| author | Danielle Graham Victor M. Petrone-Garcia Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Makenly E. Coles Marco A. Juarez-Estrada Juan D. Latorre Jianmin Chai Stephanie Shouse Jiangchao Zhao Aaron J. Forga Roberto Senas-Cuesta Lauren Laverty Kristen Martin Carolina Trujillo-Peralta Ileana Loeza Latasha S. Gray Billy M. Hargis Guillermo Tellez-Isaias |
| author_facet | Danielle Graham Victor M. Petrone-Garcia Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Makenly E. Coles Marco A. Juarez-Estrada Juan D. Latorre Jianmin Chai Stephanie Shouse Jiangchao Zhao Aaron J. Forga Roberto Senas-Cuesta Lauren Laverty Kristen Martin Carolina Trujillo-Peralta Ileana Loeza Latasha S. Gray Billy M. Hargis Guillermo Tellez-Isaias |
| author_sort | Danielle Graham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A mixed Eimeria spp. challenge model was designed to assess the effects of challenge on broiler chicken performance, intestinal integrity, and the gut microbiome for future use to evaluate alternative strategies for controlling coccidiosis in broiler chickens. The experimental design involved broiler chickens divided into two groups: a control group (uninfected) and a positive control group, infected with Eimeria acervulina (EA), Eimeria maxima (EM), and Eimeria tenella (ET). At day-of-hatch, 240 off-sex male broiler chicks were randomized and allocated to one of two treatment groups. The treatment groups included: (1) Non-challenged (NC, n = 5 replicate pens); and (2) challenged control (PC, n = 7 replicate pens) with 20 chickens/pen. Pen weights were recorded at d0, d16, d31, d42, and d52 to determine average body weight (BW) and (BWG). Feed intake was measured at d16, d31, d42, and d52 to calculate feed conversion ratio (FCR). Four diet phases included a starter d0–16, grower d16–31, finisher d31–42, and withdrawal d42–52 diet. At d18, chickens were orally challenged with 200 EA, 3,000 EM, and 500 ET sporulated oocysts/chicken. At d24 (6-day post-challenge) and d37 (19-day post-challenge), intestinal lesion scores were recorded. Additionally, at d24, FITC-d was used as a biomarker to evaluate intestinal permeability and ileal tissue sections were collected for histopathology and gene expression of tight junction proteins. Ileal and cecal contents were also collected to assess the impact of challenge on the microbiome. BWG and FCR from d16–31 was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in PC compared to NC. At d24, intestinal lesion scores were markedly higher in the PC compared to the NC. Intestinal permeability was significantly increased in the PC group based on serum FITC-d levels. Cadherin 1 (CDH1), calprotectin (CALPR), and connexin 45 (Cx45) expression was also upregulated in the ileum of the PC group at d24 (6-day post-challenge) while villin 1 (VIL1) was downregulated in the ileum of the PC group. Additionally, Clostridium perfringens (ASV1) was enriched in the cecal content of the PC group. This model could be used to assess the effect of alternative coccidiosis control methods during the post-challenge with EA, EM, and ET. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-83390a32ea354a0294ac863b224cad9c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-83390a32ea354a0294ac863b224cad9c2025-01-22T10:55:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692023-08-011010.3389/fvets.2023.12246471224647Assessing the effects of a mixed Eimeria spp. challenge on performance, intestinal integrity, and the gut microbiome of broiler chickensDanielle Graham0Victor M. Petrone-Garcia1Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco2Makenly E. Coles3Marco A. Juarez-Estrada4Juan D. Latorre5Jianmin Chai6Stephanie Shouse7Jiangchao Zhao8Aaron J. Forga9Roberto Senas-Cuesta10Lauren Laverty11Kristen Martin12Carolina Trujillo-Peralta13Ileana Loeza14Latasha S. Gray15Billy M. Hargis16Guillermo Tellez-Isaias17Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesCollege of Higher Studies Cuautitlan, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Cuautitlan Izcalli, MexicoDepartment of Medicine and Zootechnics of Birds, College of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics (UNAM), Mexico City, MexicoDivision of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesDepartment of Medicine and Zootechnics of Birds, College of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics (UNAM), Mexico City, MexicoDivision of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesSchool of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, ChinaDivision of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesDivision of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesDivision of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesDivision of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesDivision of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesDivision of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesDivision of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesDivision of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesDivision of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesDivision of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesDivision of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United StatesA mixed Eimeria spp. challenge model was designed to assess the effects of challenge on broiler chicken performance, intestinal integrity, and the gut microbiome for future use to evaluate alternative strategies for controlling coccidiosis in broiler chickens. The experimental design involved broiler chickens divided into two groups: a control group (uninfected) and a positive control group, infected with Eimeria acervulina (EA), Eimeria maxima (EM), and Eimeria tenella (ET). At day-of-hatch, 240 off-sex male broiler chicks were randomized and allocated to one of two treatment groups. The treatment groups included: (1) Non-challenged (NC, n = 5 replicate pens); and (2) challenged control (PC, n = 7 replicate pens) with 20 chickens/pen. Pen weights were recorded at d0, d16, d31, d42, and d52 to determine average body weight (BW) and (BWG). Feed intake was measured at d16, d31, d42, and d52 to calculate feed conversion ratio (FCR). Four diet phases included a starter d0–16, grower d16–31, finisher d31–42, and withdrawal d42–52 diet. At d18, chickens were orally challenged with 200 EA, 3,000 EM, and 500 ET sporulated oocysts/chicken. At d24 (6-day post-challenge) and d37 (19-day post-challenge), intestinal lesion scores were recorded. Additionally, at d24, FITC-d was used as a biomarker to evaluate intestinal permeability and ileal tissue sections were collected for histopathology and gene expression of tight junction proteins. Ileal and cecal contents were also collected to assess the impact of challenge on the microbiome. BWG and FCR from d16–31 was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in PC compared to NC. At d24, intestinal lesion scores were markedly higher in the PC compared to the NC. Intestinal permeability was significantly increased in the PC group based on serum FITC-d levels. Cadherin 1 (CDH1), calprotectin (CALPR), and connexin 45 (Cx45) expression was also upregulated in the ileum of the PC group at d24 (6-day post-challenge) while villin 1 (VIL1) was downregulated in the ileum of the PC group. Additionally, Clostridium perfringens (ASV1) was enriched in the cecal content of the PC group. This model could be used to assess the effect of alternative coccidiosis control methods during the post-challenge with EA, EM, and ET.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1224647/fullcoccidiosischickensintestinal permeabilityperformancechallenge model |
| spellingShingle | Danielle Graham Victor M. Petrone-Garcia Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Makenly E. Coles Marco A. Juarez-Estrada Juan D. Latorre Jianmin Chai Stephanie Shouse Jiangchao Zhao Aaron J. Forga Roberto Senas-Cuesta Lauren Laverty Kristen Martin Carolina Trujillo-Peralta Ileana Loeza Latasha S. Gray Billy M. Hargis Guillermo Tellez-Isaias Assessing the effects of a mixed Eimeria spp. challenge on performance, intestinal integrity, and the gut microbiome of broiler chickens Frontiers in Veterinary Science coccidiosis chickens intestinal permeability performance challenge model |
| title | Assessing the effects of a mixed Eimeria spp. challenge on performance, intestinal integrity, and the gut microbiome of broiler chickens |
| title_full | Assessing the effects of a mixed Eimeria spp. challenge on performance, intestinal integrity, and the gut microbiome of broiler chickens |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the effects of a mixed Eimeria spp. challenge on performance, intestinal integrity, and the gut microbiome of broiler chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the effects of a mixed Eimeria spp. challenge on performance, intestinal integrity, and the gut microbiome of broiler chickens |
| title_short | Assessing the effects of a mixed Eimeria spp. challenge on performance, intestinal integrity, and the gut microbiome of broiler chickens |
| title_sort | assessing the effects of a mixed eimeria spp challenge on performance intestinal integrity and the gut microbiome of broiler chickens |
| topic | coccidiosis chickens intestinal permeability performance challenge model |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2023.1224647/full |
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