Mechanism of Irrigation Before Low-Temperature Exposure on Mitigating the Reduction in Yield Loss and Spikelet Abortion at the Jointing Stage of Wheat
The increasing frequency of low-temperature events in spring, driven by climate change, poses a serious threat to wheat production in Northern China. Understanding how low-temperature stress affects wheat yield and its components under varying moisture conditions, and exploring the role of irrigatio...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Yangyang Wang Mao Wang Peipei Tian Dechao Ren Haiyan Zhang Geng Ma Jianzhao Duan Chenyang Wang Wei Feng |
| author_facet | Yangyang Wang Mao Wang Peipei Tian Dechao Ren Haiyan Zhang Geng Ma Jianzhao Duan Chenyang Wang Wei Feng |
| author_sort | Yangyang Wang |
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| description | The increasing frequency of low-temperature events in spring, driven by climate change, poses a serious threat to wheat production in Northern China. Understanding how low-temperature stress affects wheat yield and its components under varying moisture conditions, and exploring the role of irrigation before exposure to low temperatures, is crucial for food security and mitigating agricultural losses. In this study, four wheat cultivars—semi-spring (YZ4110, LK198) and semi-winter (ZM366, FDC21)—were tested across two years under different conditions of soil moisture (irrigation before low-temperature exposure (IBLT) and non-irrigation (NI)) and low temperatures (−2 °C, −4 °C, −6 °C, −8 °C, and −10 °C). The IBLT treatment effectively reduced leaf wilt, stem breakage, and spikelet desiccation. Low-temperature stress adversely impacted the yield per plant—including both original and regenerated yields—and yield components across all wheat varieties. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between regenerated and original yields. Semi-spring varieties showed greater yield reduction than semi-winter varieties, with a more pronounced impact under NI compared to IBLT. This suggests that the compensatory regenerative yield is more significant in semi-spring varieties and under NI conditions. As low-temperature stress intensified, the primary determinant of yield loss shifted from grain number per spike (GNPS) to spike number per plant (SNPP) beyond a specific temperature threshold. Under NI, this threshold was −6 °C, while it was −8 °C under IBLT. Low-temperature stress led to variability in fruiting rate across different spike positions, with semi-spring varieties and NI conditions showing the most substantial reductions. Sensitivity to low temperatures varied across spikelet positions: Apical spikelets were the most sensitive, followed by basal, while central spikelets showed the largest reduction in grain number as stress levels increased, significantly contributing to reduced overall grain yield. Irrigation, variety, and low temperature had variable impacts on physiological indices in wheat. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that irrigation significantly enhanced wheat’s response to cold tolerance indicators—such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), proline (Pro), and peroxidase (POD)—while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Irrigation also improved photosynthesis (Pn), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and leaf water content (LWC), thereby mitigating the adverse effects of low-temperature stress and supporting grain development in the central spike positions. In summary, IBLT effectively mitigates yield losses due to low-temperature freeze injuries, with distinct yield component contributions under varying stress conditions. Furthermore, this study clarifies the spatial distribution of grain responses across different spike positions under low temperatures, providing insights into the physiological mechanisms by which irrigation mitigates grain loss. These findings provide a theoretical and scientific basis for effective agricultural practices to counter spring freeze damage and predict wheat yield under low-temperature stress. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-8336fb3cafaa4cbaba968dd4429821022025-08-20T02:00:52ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-11-011312145110.3390/antiox13121451Mechanism of Irrigation Before Low-Temperature Exposure on Mitigating the Reduction in Yield Loss and Spikelet Abortion at the Jointing Stage of WheatYangyang Wang0Mao Wang1Peipei Tian2Dechao Ren3Haiyan Zhang4Geng Ma5Jianzhao Duan6Chenyang Wang7Wei Feng8College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaWheat Research Laboratory, Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shangqiu 476000, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaThe increasing frequency of low-temperature events in spring, driven by climate change, poses a serious threat to wheat production in Northern China. Understanding how low-temperature stress affects wheat yield and its components under varying moisture conditions, and exploring the role of irrigation before exposure to low temperatures, is crucial for food security and mitigating agricultural losses. In this study, four wheat cultivars—semi-spring (YZ4110, LK198) and semi-winter (ZM366, FDC21)—were tested across two years under different conditions of soil moisture (irrigation before low-temperature exposure (IBLT) and non-irrigation (NI)) and low temperatures (−2 °C, −4 °C, −6 °C, −8 °C, and −10 °C). The IBLT treatment effectively reduced leaf wilt, stem breakage, and spikelet desiccation. Low-temperature stress adversely impacted the yield per plant—including both original and regenerated yields—and yield components across all wheat varieties. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between regenerated and original yields. Semi-spring varieties showed greater yield reduction than semi-winter varieties, with a more pronounced impact under NI compared to IBLT. This suggests that the compensatory regenerative yield is more significant in semi-spring varieties and under NI conditions. As low-temperature stress intensified, the primary determinant of yield loss shifted from grain number per spike (GNPS) to spike number per plant (SNPP) beyond a specific temperature threshold. Under NI, this threshold was −6 °C, while it was −8 °C under IBLT. Low-temperature stress led to variability in fruiting rate across different spike positions, with semi-spring varieties and NI conditions showing the most substantial reductions. Sensitivity to low temperatures varied across spikelet positions: Apical spikelets were the most sensitive, followed by basal, while central spikelets showed the largest reduction in grain number as stress levels increased, significantly contributing to reduced overall grain yield. Irrigation, variety, and low temperature had variable impacts on physiological indices in wheat. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that irrigation significantly enhanced wheat’s response to cold tolerance indicators—such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), proline (Pro), and peroxidase (POD)—while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Irrigation also improved photosynthesis (Pn), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and leaf water content (LWC), thereby mitigating the adverse effects of low-temperature stress and supporting grain development in the central spike positions. In summary, IBLT effectively mitigates yield losses due to low-temperature freeze injuries, with distinct yield component contributions under varying stress conditions. Furthermore, this study clarifies the spatial distribution of grain responses across different spike positions under low temperatures, providing insights into the physiological mechanisms by which irrigation mitigates grain loss. These findings provide a theoretical and scientific basis for effective agricultural practices to counter spring freeze damage and predict wheat yield under low-temperature stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1451low temperatureirrigation before low-temperature exposurefertility rate of different spike positionsphysiological mechanismsantioxidant capacity |
| spellingShingle | Yangyang Wang Mao Wang Peipei Tian Dechao Ren Haiyan Zhang Geng Ma Jianzhao Duan Chenyang Wang Wei Feng Mechanism of Irrigation Before Low-Temperature Exposure on Mitigating the Reduction in Yield Loss and Spikelet Abortion at the Jointing Stage of Wheat Antioxidants low temperature irrigation before low-temperature exposure fertility rate of different spike positions physiological mechanisms antioxidant capacity |
| title | Mechanism of Irrigation Before Low-Temperature Exposure on Mitigating the Reduction in Yield Loss and Spikelet Abortion at the Jointing Stage of Wheat |
| title_full | Mechanism of Irrigation Before Low-Temperature Exposure on Mitigating the Reduction in Yield Loss and Spikelet Abortion at the Jointing Stage of Wheat |
| title_fullStr | Mechanism of Irrigation Before Low-Temperature Exposure on Mitigating the Reduction in Yield Loss and Spikelet Abortion at the Jointing Stage of Wheat |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanism of Irrigation Before Low-Temperature Exposure on Mitigating the Reduction in Yield Loss and Spikelet Abortion at the Jointing Stage of Wheat |
| title_short | Mechanism of Irrigation Before Low-Temperature Exposure on Mitigating the Reduction in Yield Loss and Spikelet Abortion at the Jointing Stage of Wheat |
| title_sort | mechanism of irrigation before low temperature exposure on mitigating the reduction in yield loss and spikelet abortion at the jointing stage of wheat |
| topic | low temperature irrigation before low-temperature exposure fertility rate of different spike positions physiological mechanisms antioxidant capacity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1451 |
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