Flexural behavior of steel-UHPC composite bridge slab under different curing conditions

Abstract In recent years, ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has been widely used in bridge engineering owing to its high strength and toughness and excellent durability. UHPC can improve the stiffness of composite slabs and solve fatigue cracking and failure problems. However, the mechanical pr...

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Main Authors: Yanan Wang, Hongchen Wang, Yuan Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03774-2
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author Yanan Wang
Hongchen Wang
Yuan Chen
author_facet Yanan Wang
Hongchen Wang
Yuan Chen
author_sort Yanan Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In recent years, ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has been widely used in bridge engineering owing to its high strength and toughness and excellent durability. UHPC can improve the stiffness of composite slabs and solve fatigue cracking and failure problems. However, the mechanical properties of UHPC are susceptible to curing conditions. Moreover, the bonding between steel and UHPC is affected by curing conditions owing to the large difference in their thermal expansion coefficients. Therefore, this study investigates the bending performance of steel-UHPC composite slabs under different curing conditions. Three steel-UHPC composite slab specimens were designed and fabricated under different curing conditions (28 days of standard curing, 48 h of curing at 70 °C and 90 °C), and subjected to bending tests to analyze their failure process, failure mode, load deflection response and load-strain curve. A finite element model was established to study the influence of the number of studs, thickness of the UHPC plate, and thickness of the steel plate on the flexural performance of the steel-UHPC composite slab. The results show that the failure mode of the steel-UHPC composite slabs under different curing conditions is complete flexural failure, and the failure process is divided into three primary stages: elastic stage, crack development stage, and yield stage. Compared with standard curing conditions, high-temperature curing can effectively inhibit the development of cracks and improve the ductility and flexural bearing capacity of steel-UHPC composite slabs. The ultimate bearing capacity of steel-UHPC composite slabs under the action of a positive bending moment is significantly influenced by the curing condition, whereas it is less affected by the action of a negative bending moment. The morphological patterns of the interface slip curves along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the steel-UHPC composite slabs and the strain distribution laws along the height direction of the mid-span section are consistent under different curing conditions. The curing conditions had a significant impact on the interface slip within the shear bending section. Under all curing conditions, the flexural bearing capacities of the steel-UHPC composite slabs increase with the parameters, such as the number of shear studs, thickness of the steel plate, and thickness of the UHPC, but the degrees of influence of these parameters are different.
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spelling doaj-art-83363f005e194bcd9b3202859a9716e22025-08-20T02:05:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115112310.1038/s41598-025-03774-2Flexural behavior of steel-UHPC composite bridge slab under different curing conditionsYanan Wang0Hongchen Wang1Yuan Chen2School of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Xi’an Technological UniversitySchool of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Xi’an Technological UniversitySchool of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Xi’an Technological UniversityAbstract In recent years, ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has been widely used in bridge engineering owing to its high strength and toughness and excellent durability. UHPC can improve the stiffness of composite slabs and solve fatigue cracking and failure problems. However, the mechanical properties of UHPC are susceptible to curing conditions. Moreover, the bonding between steel and UHPC is affected by curing conditions owing to the large difference in their thermal expansion coefficients. Therefore, this study investigates the bending performance of steel-UHPC composite slabs under different curing conditions. Three steel-UHPC composite slab specimens were designed and fabricated under different curing conditions (28 days of standard curing, 48 h of curing at 70 °C and 90 °C), and subjected to bending tests to analyze their failure process, failure mode, load deflection response and load-strain curve. A finite element model was established to study the influence of the number of studs, thickness of the UHPC plate, and thickness of the steel plate on the flexural performance of the steel-UHPC composite slab. The results show that the failure mode of the steel-UHPC composite slabs under different curing conditions is complete flexural failure, and the failure process is divided into three primary stages: elastic stage, crack development stage, and yield stage. Compared with standard curing conditions, high-temperature curing can effectively inhibit the development of cracks and improve the ductility and flexural bearing capacity of steel-UHPC composite slabs. The ultimate bearing capacity of steel-UHPC composite slabs under the action of a positive bending moment is significantly influenced by the curing condition, whereas it is less affected by the action of a negative bending moment. The morphological patterns of the interface slip curves along the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the steel-UHPC composite slabs and the strain distribution laws along the height direction of the mid-span section are consistent under different curing conditions. The curing conditions had a significant impact on the interface slip within the shear bending section. Under all curing conditions, the flexural bearing capacities of the steel-UHPC composite slabs increase with the parameters, such as the number of shear studs, thickness of the steel plate, and thickness of the UHPC, but the degrees of influence of these parameters are different.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03774-2Curing conditionSteel-UHPC composite slabBending performanceFinite element analysis
spellingShingle Yanan Wang
Hongchen Wang
Yuan Chen
Flexural behavior of steel-UHPC composite bridge slab under different curing conditions
Scientific Reports
Curing condition
Steel-UHPC composite slab
Bending performance
Finite element analysis
title Flexural behavior of steel-UHPC composite bridge slab under different curing conditions
title_full Flexural behavior of steel-UHPC composite bridge slab under different curing conditions
title_fullStr Flexural behavior of steel-UHPC composite bridge slab under different curing conditions
title_full_unstemmed Flexural behavior of steel-UHPC composite bridge slab under different curing conditions
title_short Flexural behavior of steel-UHPC composite bridge slab under different curing conditions
title_sort flexural behavior of steel uhpc composite bridge slab under different curing conditions
topic Curing condition
Steel-UHPC composite slab
Bending performance
Finite element analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03774-2
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AT hongchenwang flexuralbehaviorofsteeluhpccompositebridgeslabunderdifferentcuringconditions
AT yuanchen flexuralbehaviorofsteeluhpccompositebridgeslabunderdifferentcuringconditions