Conceptual knowledge increasingly supports emotion understanding as perceptual contribution declines with age

Abstract Human’s abilities to reason about what others may be feeling undergo prolonged development throughout childhood and adolescence, yet the mechanisms driving the emergence of these skills remain elusive. This set of studies, conducted within the same sample of 5- to 10-year-old children, exam...

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Main Authors: Shuran Huang, Seth D. Pollak, Wanze Xie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62210-1
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author Shuran Huang
Seth D. Pollak
Wanze Xie
author_facet Shuran Huang
Seth D. Pollak
Wanze Xie
author_sort Shuran Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Human’s abilities to reason about what others may be feeling undergo prolonged development throughout childhood and adolescence, yet the mechanisms driving the emergence of these skills remain elusive. This set of studies, conducted within the same sample of 5- to 10-year-old children, examines how spontaneous perceptual discrimination of facial configurations and activation of conceptual knowledge about emotions become integrated across development. Perceptual discrimination is measured using an EEG frequency tagging paradigm (Study 1). Conceptual knowledge is evaluated with a conceptual similarity rating task (Study 2). Two behavioral tasks (sorting and matching) are employed to assess emotion understanding (Study 3). Representational similarity analysis assesses the predictive effects of perceptual discrimination and conceptual knowledge on children’s behavioral judgments. Here we show that while the ability to discriminate stereotypical facial configurations emerges by preschool age, its influence diminishes with age. In contrast, children’s inferences about other people’s emotions come to rely more on conceptual knowledge with increasing age (and, presumably, social experience).
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spelling doaj-art-832b672b80d64decaa44cd844c868e092025-08-20T03:05:10ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-62210-1Conceptual knowledge increasingly supports emotion understanding as perceptual contribution declines with ageShuran Huang0Seth D. Pollak1Wanze Xie2School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking UniversityDepartment of Psychology, University of Wisconsin—MadisonSchool of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking UniversityAbstract Human’s abilities to reason about what others may be feeling undergo prolonged development throughout childhood and adolescence, yet the mechanisms driving the emergence of these skills remain elusive. This set of studies, conducted within the same sample of 5- to 10-year-old children, examines how spontaneous perceptual discrimination of facial configurations and activation of conceptual knowledge about emotions become integrated across development. Perceptual discrimination is measured using an EEG frequency tagging paradigm (Study 1). Conceptual knowledge is evaluated with a conceptual similarity rating task (Study 2). Two behavioral tasks (sorting and matching) are employed to assess emotion understanding (Study 3). Representational similarity analysis assesses the predictive effects of perceptual discrimination and conceptual knowledge on children’s behavioral judgments. Here we show that while the ability to discriminate stereotypical facial configurations emerges by preschool age, its influence diminishes with age. In contrast, children’s inferences about other people’s emotions come to rely more on conceptual knowledge with increasing age (and, presumably, social experience).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62210-1
spellingShingle Shuran Huang
Seth D. Pollak
Wanze Xie
Conceptual knowledge increasingly supports emotion understanding as perceptual contribution declines with age
Nature Communications
title Conceptual knowledge increasingly supports emotion understanding as perceptual contribution declines with age
title_full Conceptual knowledge increasingly supports emotion understanding as perceptual contribution declines with age
title_fullStr Conceptual knowledge increasingly supports emotion understanding as perceptual contribution declines with age
title_full_unstemmed Conceptual knowledge increasingly supports emotion understanding as perceptual contribution declines with age
title_short Conceptual knowledge increasingly supports emotion understanding as perceptual contribution declines with age
title_sort conceptual knowledge increasingly supports emotion understanding as perceptual contribution declines with age
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62210-1
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AT sethdpollak conceptualknowledgeincreasinglysupportsemotionunderstandingasperceptualcontributiondeclineswithage
AT wanzexie conceptualknowledgeincreasinglysupportsemotionunderstandingasperceptualcontributiondeclineswithage