Effects of Exogenous Plant Hormones on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Responses of <i>Elymus sibiricus</i>

As key endogenous signal molecules regulating plant growth processes, plant hormones have significant applications in forage breeding. The experiment used ‘<i>Elymus sibiricus</i> Qingmu No. 2’ as the test material, and the effects of foliar applied phytohormones of gibberellin (GA<su...

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Main Authors: Qi Yuan, Juan Qi, Wenhui Liu, Wangyi Du, Mingjie Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/13/1407
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author Qi Yuan
Juan Qi
Wenhui Liu
Wangyi Du
Mingjie Li
author_facet Qi Yuan
Juan Qi
Wenhui Liu
Wangyi Du
Mingjie Li
author_sort Qi Yuan
collection DOAJ
description As key endogenous signal molecules regulating plant growth processes, plant hormones have significant applications in forage breeding. The experiment used ‘<i>Elymus sibiricus</i> Qingmu No. 2’ as the test material, and the effects of foliar applied phytohormones of gibberellin (GA<sub>3</sub>: 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/L), cytokinin (6-BA: 1, 10, 100, and 150 mg/L), epibrassinolide (EBR: 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L), zeatin (ZT: 1, 10, 20, and 100 mg/L), and auxin (IAA: 10, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L) on growth and physiological responses in <i>Elymus sibiricus</i> were investigated. The results indicated that GA<sub>3</sub> at 200 mg/L significantly enhanced biomass by 38.19%, plant height by 75.11%, and leaf area by 40.58% compared to controls. IAA (150 mg/L) specifically increased stem diameter by 38.25%, while 6-BA (100 mg/L) elevated chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities, indicating dual photoprotective and stress-mitigating roles. EBR (1 mg/L) and ZT (20 mg/L) moderately enhanced growth metrics. All treatments universally boosted stress tolerance via soluble sugar/protein accumulation and antioxidant system activation. Through comprehensive analysis, we recommend GA<sub>3</sub> (200 mg/L) for effective grassland improvement, propose synergistic combinations of 6-BA and IAA to overcome morphological limitations, and highlight ultra-low EBR (0.01–0.1 mg/L) as a priority for future research.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-8325cf50b3be498cbf5b58113fb02df12025-08-20T03:50:21ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-06-011513140710.3390/agriculture15131407Effects of Exogenous Plant Hormones on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Responses of <i>Elymus sibiricus</i>Qi Yuan0Juan Qi1Wenhui Liu2Wangyi Du3Mingjie Li4Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaLaboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaLaboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaLaboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaLaboratory of Grassland Ecosystem of Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaAs key endogenous signal molecules regulating plant growth processes, plant hormones have significant applications in forage breeding. The experiment used ‘<i>Elymus sibiricus</i> Qingmu No. 2’ as the test material, and the effects of foliar applied phytohormones of gibberellin (GA<sub>3</sub>: 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/L), cytokinin (6-BA: 1, 10, 100, and 150 mg/L), epibrassinolide (EBR: 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L), zeatin (ZT: 1, 10, 20, and 100 mg/L), and auxin (IAA: 10, 50, 100, and 150 mg/L) on growth and physiological responses in <i>Elymus sibiricus</i> were investigated. The results indicated that GA<sub>3</sub> at 200 mg/L significantly enhanced biomass by 38.19%, plant height by 75.11%, and leaf area by 40.58% compared to controls. IAA (150 mg/L) specifically increased stem diameter by 38.25%, while 6-BA (100 mg/L) elevated chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities, indicating dual photoprotective and stress-mitigating roles. EBR (1 mg/L) and ZT (20 mg/L) moderately enhanced growth metrics. All treatments universally boosted stress tolerance via soluble sugar/protein accumulation and antioxidant system activation. Through comprehensive analysis, we recommend GA<sub>3</sub> (200 mg/L) for effective grassland improvement, propose synergistic combinations of 6-BA and IAA to overcome morphological limitations, and highlight ultra-low EBR (0.01–0.1 mg/L) as a priority for future research.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/13/1407<i>Elymus sibiricus</i> L.phytohormonebiomassplant morphologyphysiological indexoxidative stress
spellingShingle Qi Yuan
Juan Qi
Wenhui Liu
Wangyi Du
Mingjie Li
Effects of Exogenous Plant Hormones on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Responses of <i>Elymus sibiricus</i>
Agriculture
<i>Elymus sibiricus</i> L.
phytohormone
biomass
plant morphology
physiological index
oxidative stress
title Effects of Exogenous Plant Hormones on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Responses of <i>Elymus sibiricus</i>
title_full Effects of Exogenous Plant Hormones on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Responses of <i>Elymus sibiricus</i>
title_fullStr Effects of Exogenous Plant Hormones on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Responses of <i>Elymus sibiricus</i>
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Exogenous Plant Hormones on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Responses of <i>Elymus sibiricus</i>
title_short Effects of Exogenous Plant Hormones on Agronomic Traits and Physiological Responses of <i>Elymus sibiricus</i>
title_sort effects of exogenous plant hormones on agronomic traits and physiological responses of i elymus sibiricus i
topic <i>Elymus sibiricus</i> L.
phytohormone
biomass
plant morphology
physiological index
oxidative stress
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/13/1407
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