Profound Neuropathy after Penetrating Transection of the Sciatic Nerve by Femoral Cerclage Wire: Illustrative Case and Management Strategy

Sciatic nerve injury associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) confers chronic and progressive disability. Mechanisms of injury are heterogeneous and management nuances are often case-specific. We discuss a Sunderland Type 4 sciatic nerve transection by femoral cerclage wire from prior THA to hig...

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Main Authors: John K. Yue, Jun Yeop Oh, Alexander A. Aabedi, Jia-Shu Chen, Kenneth X. Probst, Vinil N. Shah, Rosanna L. Wustrack, Line G. Jacques
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mary Ann Liebert 2025-01-01
Series:Neurotrauma Reports
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Online Access:https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neur.2024.0156
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author John K. Yue
Jun Yeop Oh
Alexander A. Aabedi
Jia-Shu Chen
Kenneth X. Probst
Vinil N. Shah
Rosanna L. Wustrack
Line G. Jacques
author_facet John K. Yue
Jun Yeop Oh
Alexander A. Aabedi
Jia-Shu Chen
Kenneth X. Probst
Vinil N. Shah
Rosanna L. Wustrack
Line G. Jacques
author_sort John K. Yue
collection DOAJ
description Sciatic nerve injury associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) confers chronic and progressive disability. Mechanisms of injury are heterogeneous and management nuances are often case-specific. We discuss a Sunderland Type 4 sciatic nerve transection by femoral cerclage wire from prior THA to highlight optimal clinical strategies when approaching complex cases. A 65-year-old woman presented to the neurosurgery clinic with worsening, medically refractory right sciatic sensorimotor neuropathy that began 1 year after ipsilateral hip arthroplasty. Neurological examination detected weakness in ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion and foot inversion/eversion (motor scale 2–3/5), toe extension/flexion (1/5), foot numbness, and hyperesthesia. Electromyogram confirmed sciatic neuropathy. Magnetic resonance neurogram (MRN) showed a thickened right sciatic nerve abutting a femoral cerclage wire, which appeared contiguous on reconstructed computed tomography imaging. Intraoperatively, the wire was discovered to have clearly transected and remained lodged within the sciatic nerve, requiring orthopedic surgery consultation and wire cutdown at the transection site. The surrounding neuroma was excised and the defect was reconstructed using nerve allograft interposition. Intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring (IONM) signals remained stable. Radiographs confirmed uncomplicated wire disconnection. The patient was discharged home the next day and reported significant symptomatic relief at 1-month follow-up. Delayed presentation of sciatic nerve transection by femoral cerclage wire with ongoing neural compression is rare. The anatomy of injury can be high risk, impelling thoughtful operative planning in THA as well as neuroplasty cases. Strategies include preoperative MRN to evaluate the pathoanatomy of nerve injury, neurosurgery and orthopedic surgery comanagement, and multimodal IONM to reduce risks of intraoperative neural injury and optimize outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-832371b2b2374a989df6009d5f3790142025-08-20T01:49:57ZengMary Ann LiebertNeurotrauma Reports2689-288X2025-01-016112813510.1089/neur.2024.0156Profound Neuropathy after Penetrating Transection of the Sciatic Nerve by Femoral Cerclage Wire: Illustrative Case and Management StrategyJohn K. Yue0Jun Yeop Oh1Alexander A. Aabedi2Jia-Shu Chen3Kenneth X. Probst4Vinil N. Shah5Rosanna L. Wustrack6Line G. Jacques7Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.Sciatic nerve injury associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) confers chronic and progressive disability. Mechanisms of injury are heterogeneous and management nuances are often case-specific. We discuss a Sunderland Type 4 sciatic nerve transection by femoral cerclage wire from prior THA to highlight optimal clinical strategies when approaching complex cases. A 65-year-old woman presented to the neurosurgery clinic with worsening, medically refractory right sciatic sensorimotor neuropathy that began 1 year after ipsilateral hip arthroplasty. Neurological examination detected weakness in ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion and foot inversion/eversion (motor scale 2–3/5), toe extension/flexion (1/5), foot numbness, and hyperesthesia. Electromyogram confirmed sciatic neuropathy. Magnetic resonance neurogram (MRN) showed a thickened right sciatic nerve abutting a femoral cerclage wire, which appeared contiguous on reconstructed computed tomography imaging. Intraoperatively, the wire was discovered to have clearly transected and remained lodged within the sciatic nerve, requiring orthopedic surgery consultation and wire cutdown at the transection site. The surrounding neuroma was excised and the defect was reconstructed using nerve allograft interposition. Intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring (IONM) signals remained stable. Radiographs confirmed uncomplicated wire disconnection. The patient was discharged home the next day and reported significant symptomatic relief at 1-month follow-up. Delayed presentation of sciatic nerve transection by femoral cerclage wire with ongoing neural compression is rare. The anatomy of injury can be high risk, impelling thoughtful operative planning in THA as well as neuroplasty cases. Strategies include preoperative MRN to evaluate the pathoanatomy of nerve injury, neurosurgery and orthopedic surgery comanagement, and multimodal IONM to reduce risks of intraoperative neural injury and optimize outcomes.https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neur.2024.0156clinical decision-makingintraoperative neurophysiological monitoringneuroimagingsciatic neuropathysurgical diagnostic techniquetotal hip arthroplasty
spellingShingle John K. Yue
Jun Yeop Oh
Alexander A. Aabedi
Jia-Shu Chen
Kenneth X. Probst
Vinil N. Shah
Rosanna L. Wustrack
Line G. Jacques
Profound Neuropathy after Penetrating Transection of the Sciatic Nerve by Femoral Cerclage Wire: Illustrative Case and Management Strategy
Neurotrauma Reports
clinical decision-making
intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
neuroimaging
sciatic neuropathy
surgical diagnostic technique
total hip arthroplasty
title Profound Neuropathy after Penetrating Transection of the Sciatic Nerve by Femoral Cerclage Wire: Illustrative Case and Management Strategy
title_full Profound Neuropathy after Penetrating Transection of the Sciatic Nerve by Femoral Cerclage Wire: Illustrative Case and Management Strategy
title_fullStr Profound Neuropathy after Penetrating Transection of the Sciatic Nerve by Femoral Cerclage Wire: Illustrative Case and Management Strategy
title_full_unstemmed Profound Neuropathy after Penetrating Transection of the Sciatic Nerve by Femoral Cerclage Wire: Illustrative Case and Management Strategy
title_short Profound Neuropathy after Penetrating Transection of the Sciatic Nerve by Femoral Cerclage Wire: Illustrative Case and Management Strategy
title_sort profound neuropathy after penetrating transection of the sciatic nerve by femoral cerclage wire illustrative case and management strategy
topic clinical decision-making
intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring
neuroimaging
sciatic neuropathy
surgical diagnostic technique
total hip arthroplasty
url https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neur.2024.0156
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