Poor virus-specific T-cell responses early after tick-borne encephalitis virus infection correlate with disease severity

Poor virus-specific T-cell responses early after tick-borne encephalitis virus infection correlate with disease severity

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection may cause acute central nervous system inflammation varying in clinical manifestations and severity. A possible correlation of TBEV-specific antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, shortly after infection, with clinical manifestations, severity and...

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Main Authors: Amare Aregay, Jan Slunečko, Petra Bogovic, Miša Korva, Katarina Resman Rus, Nataša Knap, Jana Beicht, Mareike Kubinski, Giulietta Saletti, Imke Steffen, Franc Strle, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
Subjects:
TBEV; Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE); TBEV-specific T-cells; disease severity; outcome
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2024.2317909
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Summary:Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection may cause acute central nervous system inflammation varying in clinical manifestations and severity. A possible correlation of TBEV-specific antibody and cell-mediated immune responses, shortly after infection, with clinical manifestations, severity and long-term outcome has been poorly investigated. In a cohort of thirty early tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) patients, we assessed the magnitude, specificity and functional properties of TBEV-specific T-cell and antibody responses. These responses early during disease were assessed in view of clinical manifestations, severity and long-term outcome. TBEV-specific T-cell responses to C, E, NS1, and NS5 proteins were significantly lower in patients with severe acute illness than in patients with mild TBE. Lower T-cell responses to E, NS1, and NS5 proteins also correlated with the development of meningoencephalomyelitis. Virus-specific antibody titres early after infection did not correlate with disease severity, clinical manifestations, or long-term outcome in this study, possibly due to the small number of patients of which matching serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were available. The findings suggest that virus-specific T cells afford a certain degree of protection against the development of severe TBEV-induced disease.
ISSN:2222-1751

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