Bioactive Compounds of Agro-Industrial By-Products: Current Trends, Recovery, and Possible Utilization

Domestic food waste and agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs) occurring throughout the food chain, including production, processing, and storage, have become a global sustainability concern. Interestingly, this waste and these by-products contain a significant amount of commercially vital bioactive co...

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Main Authors: Ramesh Kumar Saini, Mohammad Imtiyaj Khan, Vikas Kumar, Xiaomin Shang, Ji-Ho Lee, Eun-Young Ko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/650
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author Ramesh Kumar Saini
Mohammad Imtiyaj Khan
Vikas Kumar
Xiaomin Shang
Ji-Ho Lee
Eun-Young Ko
author_facet Ramesh Kumar Saini
Mohammad Imtiyaj Khan
Vikas Kumar
Xiaomin Shang
Ji-Ho Lee
Eun-Young Ko
author_sort Ramesh Kumar Saini
collection DOAJ
description Domestic food waste and agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs) occurring throughout the food chain, including production, processing, and storage, have become a global sustainability concern. Interestingly, this waste and these by-products contain a significant amount of commercially vital bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and carotenoids. Remarkably, discarded by-products such as fruit and vegetable peels contain more bioactive compounds than edible pulp. Thus, valorizing this waste and these by-products for commercially vital bioactive products can solve their disposal problems and help alleviate climate change crises. Additionally, it can generate surplus revenue, significantly improving food production and processing economics. Interestingly, several bioactive extracts derived from citrus peel, carrot pomace, olive leaf, and grape seed are commercially available, highlighting the importance of agro-food waste and by-product valorization. Considering this background information, this review aims to provide holistic information on major AIBPs; recovery methods of bioactive compounds focusing on polyphenols, carotenoids, oligosaccharides, and pectin; microencapsulation of isolated bioactive for enhanced physical, chemical, and biological properties; and their commercial application. In addition, green extraction methods are discussed, which have several advantages over conventional extraction. The concept of the circular bio-economy approach, challenges in waste valorization, and future perspective are also discussed.
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spelling doaj-art-83127facc0224dd6947bcb4a16cb1e2f2025-08-20T03:27:15ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-05-0114665010.3390/antiox14060650Bioactive Compounds of Agro-Industrial By-Products: Current Trends, Recovery, and Possible UtilizationRamesh Kumar Saini0Mohammad Imtiyaj Khan1Vikas Kumar2Xiaomin Shang3Ji-Ho Lee4Eun-Young Ko5School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES, Dehradun 248007, IndiaBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, IndiaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, IndiaJilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaSchool of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of KoreaSchool of Animal & Food Sciences and Marketing, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of KoreaDomestic food waste and agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs) occurring throughout the food chain, including production, processing, and storage, have become a global sustainability concern. Interestingly, this waste and these by-products contain a significant amount of commercially vital bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and carotenoids. Remarkably, discarded by-products such as fruit and vegetable peels contain more bioactive compounds than edible pulp. Thus, valorizing this waste and these by-products for commercially vital bioactive products can solve their disposal problems and help alleviate climate change crises. Additionally, it can generate surplus revenue, significantly improving food production and processing economics. Interestingly, several bioactive extracts derived from citrus peel, carrot pomace, olive leaf, and grape seed are commercially available, highlighting the importance of agro-food waste and by-product valorization. Considering this background information, this review aims to provide holistic information on major AIBPs; recovery methods of bioactive compounds focusing on polyphenols, carotenoids, oligosaccharides, and pectin; microencapsulation of isolated bioactive for enhanced physical, chemical, and biological properties; and their commercial application. In addition, green extraction methods are discussed, which have several advantages over conventional extraction. The concept of the circular bio-economy approach, challenges in waste valorization, and future perspective are also discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/650food wastevalorizationcarotenoidspolyphenolsmicroencapsulationactive and intelligent packaging
spellingShingle Ramesh Kumar Saini
Mohammad Imtiyaj Khan
Vikas Kumar
Xiaomin Shang
Ji-Ho Lee
Eun-Young Ko
Bioactive Compounds of Agro-Industrial By-Products: Current Trends, Recovery, and Possible Utilization
Antioxidants
food waste
valorization
carotenoids
polyphenols
microencapsulation
active and intelligent packaging
title Bioactive Compounds of Agro-Industrial By-Products: Current Trends, Recovery, and Possible Utilization
title_full Bioactive Compounds of Agro-Industrial By-Products: Current Trends, Recovery, and Possible Utilization
title_fullStr Bioactive Compounds of Agro-Industrial By-Products: Current Trends, Recovery, and Possible Utilization
title_full_unstemmed Bioactive Compounds of Agro-Industrial By-Products: Current Trends, Recovery, and Possible Utilization
title_short Bioactive Compounds of Agro-Industrial By-Products: Current Trends, Recovery, and Possible Utilization
title_sort bioactive compounds of agro industrial by products current trends recovery and possible utilization
topic food waste
valorization
carotenoids
polyphenols
microencapsulation
active and intelligent packaging
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/650
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