Cognitive Effects of Cannabis Use: A Comprehensive Review Across Domains

Cannabis is the most widely consumed illicit substance worldwide, with rising use particularly among adolescents and young adults. Accumulating evidence indicates that chronic cannabis use may negatively impact several domains of cognition, yet findings across studies remain varied and fragmented. T...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Andréia Pucinelli de Souza Queiroz, Maria Olivia Pozzolo Pedro, Marcela Waisman Campos, Julio Torales, Antonio Ventriglio, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Neurology International
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/17/7/107
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849733999249850368
author Andréia Pucinelli de Souza Queiroz
Maria Olivia Pozzolo Pedro
Marcela Waisman Campos
Julio Torales
Antonio Ventriglio
João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
author_facet Andréia Pucinelli de Souza Queiroz
Maria Olivia Pozzolo Pedro
Marcela Waisman Campos
Julio Torales
Antonio Ventriglio
João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
author_sort Andréia Pucinelli de Souza Queiroz
collection DOAJ
description Cannabis is the most widely consumed illicit substance worldwide, with rising use particularly among adolescents and young adults. Accumulating evidence indicates that chronic cannabis use may negatively impact several domains of cognition, yet findings across studies remain varied and fragmented. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on the long-term cognitive consequences of cannabis use, focusing on attention, executive functioning, learning, memory, language, motor coordination, and social cognition. Consistent impairments have been observed in domains such as attention, executive function, memory, and learning; however, most evidence derives from studies of acute or residual effects. Evidence of long-lasting deficits after extended abstinence remains more limited and methodologically heterogeneous. Acute motor coordination deficits are well established, but persistent impairments in this domain lack conclusive evidence. Effects on language remain inconclusive, and findings regarding social cognition, though limited, suggest potential deficits in emotion recognition and mental state inference. Early onset and high-frequency use are critical risk factors for more severe and enduring cognitive effects. Some deficits may partially reverse with abstinence, although many persist long after cessation. Overall, cannabis use is associated with widespread and lasting cognitive impairments. These findings underscore the need for targeted prevention strategies, especially among youth, and point to future longitudinal and mechanistic research to better understand the nature, persistence, and potential reversibility of these cognitive effects.
format Article
id doaj-art-830d5d22c56742eba1ef1fc47ae334c0
institution DOAJ
issn 2035-8377
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Neurology International
spelling doaj-art-830d5d22c56742eba1ef1fc47ae334c02025-08-20T03:07:55ZengMDPI AGNeurology International2035-83772025-07-0117710710.3390/neurolint17070107Cognitive Effects of Cannabis Use: A Comprehensive Review Across DomainsAndréia Pucinelli de Souza Queiroz0Maria Olivia Pozzolo Pedro1Marcela Waisman Campos2Julio Torales3Antonio Ventriglio4João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia5Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, BrazilDepartment of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-903, SP, BrazilDepartment of Cognitive Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, and Neuropsychology, FLENI, Buenos Aires C1428AQK, ArgentinaGrupo de Investigación sobre Epidemiología de los Trastornos Mentales, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Psicopatología y Neurociencias Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo 111421, ParaguayDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, BrazilCannabis is the most widely consumed illicit substance worldwide, with rising use particularly among adolescents and young adults. Accumulating evidence indicates that chronic cannabis use may negatively impact several domains of cognition, yet findings across studies remain varied and fragmented. This comprehensive review synthesizes current knowledge on the long-term cognitive consequences of cannabis use, focusing on attention, executive functioning, learning, memory, language, motor coordination, and social cognition. Consistent impairments have been observed in domains such as attention, executive function, memory, and learning; however, most evidence derives from studies of acute or residual effects. Evidence of long-lasting deficits after extended abstinence remains more limited and methodologically heterogeneous. Acute motor coordination deficits are well established, but persistent impairments in this domain lack conclusive evidence. Effects on language remain inconclusive, and findings regarding social cognition, though limited, suggest potential deficits in emotion recognition and mental state inference. Early onset and high-frequency use are critical risk factors for more severe and enduring cognitive effects. Some deficits may partially reverse with abstinence, although many persist long after cessation. Overall, cannabis use is associated with widespread and lasting cognitive impairments. These findings underscore the need for targeted prevention strategies, especially among youth, and point to future longitudinal and mechanistic research to better understand the nature, persistence, and potential reversibility of these cognitive effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/17/7/107neurocognitive functioningcannabis-related impairmentresidual effectschronic exposureabstinence duration
spellingShingle Andréia Pucinelli de Souza Queiroz
Maria Olivia Pozzolo Pedro
Marcela Waisman Campos
Julio Torales
Antonio Ventriglio
João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
Cognitive Effects of Cannabis Use: A Comprehensive Review Across Domains
Neurology International
neurocognitive functioning
cannabis-related impairment
residual effects
chronic exposure
abstinence duration
title Cognitive Effects of Cannabis Use: A Comprehensive Review Across Domains
title_full Cognitive Effects of Cannabis Use: A Comprehensive Review Across Domains
title_fullStr Cognitive Effects of Cannabis Use: A Comprehensive Review Across Domains
title_full_unstemmed Cognitive Effects of Cannabis Use: A Comprehensive Review Across Domains
title_short Cognitive Effects of Cannabis Use: A Comprehensive Review Across Domains
title_sort cognitive effects of cannabis use a comprehensive review across domains
topic neurocognitive functioning
cannabis-related impairment
residual effects
chronic exposure
abstinence duration
url https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/17/7/107
work_keys_str_mv AT andreiapucinellidesouzaqueiroz cognitiveeffectsofcannabisuseacomprehensivereviewacrossdomains
AT mariaoliviapozzolopedro cognitiveeffectsofcannabisuseacomprehensivereviewacrossdomains
AT marcelawaismancampos cognitiveeffectsofcannabisuseacomprehensivereviewacrossdomains
AT juliotorales cognitiveeffectsofcannabisuseacomprehensivereviewacrossdomains
AT antonioventriglio cognitiveeffectsofcannabisuseacomprehensivereviewacrossdomains
AT joaomauriciocastaldellimaia cognitiveeffectsofcannabisuseacomprehensivereviewacrossdomains