Performance of Early Sepsis Screening Tools for Timely Diagnosis and Antibiotic Stewardship in a Resource-Limited Thai Community Hospital

Background: Early identification of sepsis is critical for improving outcomes, particularly in low-resource emergency settings. In Thai community hospitals, where physicians may not always be available, triage is often nurse-led. Selecting accurate and practical sepsis screening tools is essential n...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wisanu Wanlumkhao, Duangduan Rattanamongkolgul, Chatchai Ekpanyaskul
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/7/708
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Summary:Background: Early identification of sepsis is critical for improving outcomes, particularly in low-resource emergency settings. In Thai community hospitals, where physicians may not always be available, triage is often nurse-led. Selecting accurate and practical sepsis screening tools is essential not only for timely clinical decision-making but also for timely diagnosis and promoting appropriate antibiotic use. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 475 adult patients with suspected sepsis who presented to the emergency department of a Thai community hospital, using retrospective data from January 2021 to December 2022. Six screening tools were evaluated: Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), National Early Warning Score (NEWS), National Early Warning Score version 2 (NEWS2), and Search Out Severity (SOS). Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes as the reference standard. Performance metrics included sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve, all reported with 95% confidence intervals. Results: SIRS had the highest sensitivity (84%), while qSOFA demonstrated the highest specificity (91%). NEWS2, NEWS, and MEWS showed moderate and balanced diagnostic accuracy. SOS also demonstrated moderate accuracy. Conclusions: A two-step screening approach—using SIRS for initial triage followed by NEWS2 for confirmation—is recommended. This strategy enhances nurse-led screening and optimizes limited resources in emergency care. Early sepsis detection through accurate screening tools constitutes a feasible public health intervention to support appropriate antibiotic use and mitigate antimicrobial resistance, especially in resource-limited community hospital settings.
ISSN:2079-6382