IL-33/IL-31 Axis: A Potential Inflammatory Pathway
Cytokines play an important role in the regulation of the immune system (adaptive and innate). Given their importance in proinflammatory processes, cytokines have been used for understanding the pathogenesis and as biomarkers in many diseases. IL-31 and IL-33 are still considered novel cytokines. IL...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3858032 |
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| _version_ | 1850214967187341312 |
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| author | Eleonora Di Salvo Elvira Ventura-Spagnolo Marco Casciaro Michele Navarra Sebastiano Gangemi |
| author_facet | Eleonora Di Salvo Elvira Ventura-Spagnolo Marco Casciaro Michele Navarra Sebastiano Gangemi |
| author_sort | Eleonora Di Salvo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cytokines play an important role in the regulation of the immune system (adaptive and innate). Given their importance in proinflammatory processes, cytokines have been used for understanding the pathogenesis and as biomarkers in many diseases. IL-31 and IL-33 are still considered novel cytokines. IL-31 controls signalling and regulates a huge amount of biological functions: it induces proinflammatory cytokines, regulates cell proliferation, and is involved also in tissue remodelling. On the other hand, IL-33 has been identified as an “alarmin” released from the epithelial cells and from different human tissues and organs after a damage following, that is, an inflammatory process. The aim of this literature review is to strengthen the hypothesis about an IL-31/IL-33 axis by evaluating the most recent studies linking these two cytokines. Literature data showed that, in many cases, IL-31 and IL-33 are linked to each other and that their expression is correlated with disease severity. The presence of one interleukin might stimulate the induction of the other, amplifying inflammation and the consequent detrimental processes. In a near future, influencing their balance could be helpful in modulating the first responses of the immune system in order to prevent the development of many inflammation-related diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-82f87ffa66264b859ea0688fbf4d58b6 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-82f87ffa66264b859ea0688fbf4d58b62025-08-20T02:08:46ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612018-01-01201810.1155/2018/38580323858032IL-33/IL-31 Axis: A Potential Inflammatory PathwayEleonora Di Salvo0Elvira Ventura-Spagnolo1Marco Casciaro2Michele Navarra3Sebastiano Gangemi4IBIM-CNR Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology, National Research Council, 90100 Palermo, ItalyLegal Medicine Section, Department for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, ItalySchool and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico “G. Martino”, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, ItalyDepartment of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, ItalySchool and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico “G. Martino”, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, ItalyCytokines play an important role in the regulation of the immune system (adaptive and innate). Given their importance in proinflammatory processes, cytokines have been used for understanding the pathogenesis and as biomarkers in many diseases. IL-31 and IL-33 are still considered novel cytokines. IL-31 controls signalling and regulates a huge amount of biological functions: it induces proinflammatory cytokines, regulates cell proliferation, and is involved also in tissue remodelling. On the other hand, IL-33 has been identified as an “alarmin” released from the epithelial cells and from different human tissues and organs after a damage following, that is, an inflammatory process. The aim of this literature review is to strengthen the hypothesis about an IL-31/IL-33 axis by evaluating the most recent studies linking these two cytokines. Literature data showed that, in many cases, IL-31 and IL-33 are linked to each other and that their expression is correlated with disease severity. The presence of one interleukin might stimulate the induction of the other, amplifying inflammation and the consequent detrimental processes. In a near future, influencing their balance could be helpful in modulating the first responses of the immune system in order to prevent the development of many inflammation-related diseases.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3858032 |
| spellingShingle | Eleonora Di Salvo Elvira Ventura-Spagnolo Marco Casciaro Michele Navarra Sebastiano Gangemi IL-33/IL-31 Axis: A Potential Inflammatory Pathway Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | IL-33/IL-31 Axis: A Potential Inflammatory Pathway |
| title_full | IL-33/IL-31 Axis: A Potential Inflammatory Pathway |
| title_fullStr | IL-33/IL-31 Axis: A Potential Inflammatory Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | IL-33/IL-31 Axis: A Potential Inflammatory Pathway |
| title_short | IL-33/IL-31 Axis: A Potential Inflammatory Pathway |
| title_sort | il 33 il 31 axis a potential inflammatory pathway |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3858032 |
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