Forecasting Mortality Trends: Advanced Techniques and the Impact of COVID-19

The objective of this research is to evaluate four distinct models for multi-population mortality projection in order to ascertain the most effective approach for forecasting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality. Utilizing data from the Human Mortality Database for five countries—Finland...

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Main Authors: Asmik Nalmpatian, Christian Heumann, Stefan Pilz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Stats
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2571-905X/7/4/69
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author Asmik Nalmpatian
Christian Heumann
Stefan Pilz
author_facet Asmik Nalmpatian
Christian Heumann
Stefan Pilz
author_sort Asmik Nalmpatian
collection DOAJ
description The objective of this research is to evaluate four distinct models for multi-population mortality projection in order to ascertain the most effective approach for forecasting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality. Utilizing data from the Human Mortality Database for five countries—Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United States—the study identifies the generalized additive model (GAM) within the age–period–cohort (APC) analytical framework as the most promising for precise mortality forecasts. Consequently, this model serves as the basis for projecting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on future mortality rates. By examining various pandemic scenarios, ranging from mild to severe, the study concludes that projections assuming a diminishing impact of the pandemic over time are most consistent, especially for middle-aged and elderly populations. Projections derived from the superior GAM-APC model offer guidance for strategic planning and decision-making within sectors facing the challenges posed by extreme historical mortality events and uncertain future mortality trajectories.
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spelling doaj-art-82e736cd8bbb4df782ecd0c162e20aad2025-08-20T02:56:58ZengMDPI AGStats2571-905X2024-10-01741172118810.3390/stats7040069Forecasting Mortality Trends: Advanced Techniques and the Impact of COVID-19Asmik Nalmpatian0Christian Heumann1Stefan Pilz2Department of Statistics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Statistics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanyDepartment of Statistics, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80539 Munich, GermanyThe objective of this research is to evaluate four distinct models for multi-population mortality projection in order to ascertain the most effective approach for forecasting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality. Utilizing data from the Human Mortality Database for five countries—Finland, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United States—the study identifies the generalized additive model (GAM) within the age–period–cohort (APC) analytical framework as the most promising for precise mortality forecasts. Consequently, this model serves as the basis for projecting the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on future mortality rates. By examining various pandemic scenarios, ranging from mild to severe, the study concludes that projections assuming a diminishing impact of the pandemic over time are most consistent, especially for middle-aged and elderly populations. Projections derived from the superior GAM-APC model offer guidance for strategic planning and decision-making within sectors facing the challenges posed by extreme historical mortality events and uncertain future mortality trajectories.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-905X/7/4/69mortality modelingCOVID impactmulti-populationalcross-countrygeneralized additive modelspartial APC plots
spellingShingle Asmik Nalmpatian
Christian Heumann
Stefan Pilz
Forecasting Mortality Trends: Advanced Techniques and the Impact of COVID-19
Stats
mortality modeling
COVID impact
multi-populational
cross-country
generalized additive models
partial APC plots
title Forecasting Mortality Trends: Advanced Techniques and the Impact of COVID-19
title_full Forecasting Mortality Trends: Advanced Techniques and the Impact of COVID-19
title_fullStr Forecasting Mortality Trends: Advanced Techniques and the Impact of COVID-19
title_full_unstemmed Forecasting Mortality Trends: Advanced Techniques and the Impact of COVID-19
title_short Forecasting Mortality Trends: Advanced Techniques and the Impact of COVID-19
title_sort forecasting mortality trends advanced techniques and the impact of covid 19
topic mortality modeling
COVID impact
multi-populational
cross-country
generalized additive models
partial APC plots
url https://www.mdpi.com/2571-905X/7/4/69
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AT stefanpilz forecastingmortalitytrendsadvancedtechniquesandtheimpactofcovid19