Dynamic X-ray imaging of the magnetosheath expected during a super storm

The Earth’s magnetosheath is a vital source region of soft X-ray emissions generated by the solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) mechanism in geospace. Soft X-ray imaging provides valuable insights into the overall morphology of the magnetosheath. Nevertheless, the dynamic variations in X-ray images du...

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Main Authors: Yuqi Gong, Tianran Sun, Binbin Tang, Yihong Guo, Steve Sembay, Chi Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2025.1563653/full
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author Yuqi Gong
Yuqi Gong
Tianran Sun
Binbin Tang
Yihong Guo
Steve Sembay
Chi Wang
Chi Wang
author_facet Yuqi Gong
Yuqi Gong
Tianran Sun
Binbin Tang
Yihong Guo
Steve Sembay
Chi Wang
Chi Wang
author_sort Yuqi Gong
collection DOAJ
description The Earth’s magnetosheath is a vital source region of soft X-ray emissions generated by the solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) mechanism in geospace. Soft X-ray imaging provides valuable insights into the overall morphology of the magnetosheath. Nevertheless, the dynamic variations in X-ray images during extreme space weather have not been comprehensively studied. Using a global magnetohydrodynamic code, we simulated the temporal variations of the magnetosphere on 10-11 May 2024, during the most intense geomagnetic storm of Solar Cycle 25. The X-ray images of the magnetosphere during the entire event are presented to assess the response of the magnetosphere to the impact of the coronal mass ejection (CME), with a particular focus on the periods of sudden solar wind number density increase, the southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and an extreme solar wind condition. With the advent of the Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE), a joint mission between ESA and CAS, investigations into the large-scale structure and dynamic evolution of magnetopause will be enabled via global X-ray imaging.
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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series Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
spelling doaj-art-82e3f39b22254f65864233ba261b7fcf2025-08-20T02:56:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences2296-987X2025-03-011210.3389/fspas.2025.15636531563653Dynamic X-ray imaging of the magnetosheath expected during a super stormYuqi Gong0Yuqi Gong1Tianran Sun2Binbin Tang3Yihong Guo4Steve Sembay5Chi Wang6Chi Wang7State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaAerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leicester, Leicester, United KingdomState Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaThe University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaThe Earth’s magnetosheath is a vital source region of soft X-ray emissions generated by the solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) mechanism in geospace. Soft X-ray imaging provides valuable insights into the overall morphology of the magnetosheath. Nevertheless, the dynamic variations in X-ray images during extreme space weather have not been comprehensively studied. Using a global magnetohydrodynamic code, we simulated the temporal variations of the magnetosphere on 10-11 May 2024, during the most intense geomagnetic storm of Solar Cycle 25. The X-ray images of the magnetosphere during the entire event are presented to assess the response of the magnetosphere to the impact of the coronal mass ejection (CME), with a particular focus on the periods of sudden solar wind number density increase, the southward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and an extreme solar wind condition. With the advent of the Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE), a joint mission between ESA and CAS, investigations into the large-scale structure and dynamic evolution of magnetopause will be enabled via global X-ray imaging.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2025.1563653/fullmagnetosheathsoft X-ray imaginggeomagnetic stormMHD simulationSMILE
spellingShingle Yuqi Gong
Yuqi Gong
Tianran Sun
Binbin Tang
Yihong Guo
Steve Sembay
Chi Wang
Chi Wang
Dynamic X-ray imaging of the magnetosheath expected during a super storm
Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
magnetosheath
soft X-ray imaging
geomagnetic storm
MHD simulation
SMILE
title Dynamic X-ray imaging of the magnetosheath expected during a super storm
title_full Dynamic X-ray imaging of the magnetosheath expected during a super storm
title_fullStr Dynamic X-ray imaging of the magnetosheath expected during a super storm
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic X-ray imaging of the magnetosheath expected during a super storm
title_short Dynamic X-ray imaging of the magnetosheath expected during a super storm
title_sort dynamic x ray imaging of the magnetosheath expected during a super storm
topic magnetosheath
soft X-ray imaging
geomagnetic storm
MHD simulation
SMILE
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2025.1563653/full
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