Modeling and control of automatic voltage regulation for a hydropower plant using advanced model predictive control

Fluctuating voltage levels in power grids necessitate automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) to ensure stability. This study examined the modeling and control of AVR in hydroelectric power plants using model predictive control (MPC), which utilizes an extensive mathematical model of the voltage regulat...

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Main Authors: Ebunle Akupan Rene, Willy Stephen Tounsi Fokui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-04-01
Series:Global Energy Interconnection
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511725000295
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author Ebunle Akupan Rene
Willy Stephen Tounsi Fokui
author_facet Ebunle Akupan Rene
Willy Stephen Tounsi Fokui
author_sort Ebunle Akupan Rene
collection DOAJ
description Fluctuating voltage levels in power grids necessitate automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) to ensure stability. This study examined the modeling and control of AVR in hydroelectric power plants using model predictive control (MPC), which utilizes an extensive mathematical model of the voltage regulation system to optimize the control actions over a defined prediction horizon. This predictive feature enables MPC to minimize voltage deviations while accounting for operational constraints, thereby improving stability and performance under dynamic conditions. The findings were compared with those derived from an optimal proportional integral derivative (PID) controller designed using the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. Although the ABC-PID method adjusts the PID parameters based on historical data, it may be difficult to adapt to real-time changes in system dynamics under constraints. Comprehensive simulations assessed both frameworks, emphasizing performance metrics such as disturbance rejection, response to load changes, and resilience to uncertainties. The results show that both MPC and ABC-PID methods effectively achieved accurate voltage regulation; however, MPC excelled in controlling overshoot and settling time—recording 0.0 % and 0.25 s, respectively. This demonstrates greater robustness compared to conventional control methods that optimize PID parameters based on performance criteria derived from actual system behavior, which exhibited settling times and overshoots exceeding 0.41 s and 5.0 %, respectively. The controllers were implemented using MATLAB/Simulink software, indicating a significant advancement for power plant engineers pursuing state-of-the-art automatic voltage regulations.
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spelling doaj-art-82caa1fc6ce34c5c8f4c813b5081399e2025-08-20T03:47:41ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Global Energy Interconnection2096-51172025-04-018226928510.1016/j.gloei.2024.12.003Modeling and control of automatic voltage regulation for a hydropower plant using advanced model predictive controlEbunle Akupan Rene0Willy Stephen Tounsi Fokui1University of New Hampshire, 105 Main St, Durham NH 03824, United StatesTeleconnect GmbH, Am Lehmberg 54, 01157 Dresden, Germany; Corresponding author.Fluctuating voltage levels in power grids necessitate automatic voltage regulators (AVRs) to ensure stability. This study examined the modeling and control of AVR in hydroelectric power plants using model predictive control (MPC), which utilizes an extensive mathematical model of the voltage regulation system to optimize the control actions over a defined prediction horizon. This predictive feature enables MPC to minimize voltage deviations while accounting for operational constraints, thereby improving stability and performance under dynamic conditions. The findings were compared with those derived from an optimal proportional integral derivative (PID) controller designed using the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. Although the ABC-PID method adjusts the PID parameters based on historical data, it may be difficult to adapt to real-time changes in system dynamics under constraints. Comprehensive simulations assessed both frameworks, emphasizing performance metrics such as disturbance rejection, response to load changes, and resilience to uncertainties. The results show that both MPC and ABC-PID methods effectively achieved accurate voltage regulation; however, MPC excelled in controlling overshoot and settling time—recording 0.0 % and 0.25 s, respectively. This demonstrates greater robustness compared to conventional control methods that optimize PID parameters based on performance criteria derived from actual system behavior, which exhibited settling times and overshoots exceeding 0.41 s and 5.0 %, respectively. The controllers were implemented using MATLAB/Simulink software, indicating a significant advancement for power plant engineers pursuing state-of-the-art automatic voltage regulations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511725000295Automatic voltage regulationArtificial bee colonyEvolutionary techniquesModel predictive controlPID controllerHydropower
spellingShingle Ebunle Akupan Rene
Willy Stephen Tounsi Fokui
Modeling and control of automatic voltage regulation for a hydropower plant using advanced model predictive control
Global Energy Interconnection
Automatic voltage regulation
Artificial bee colony
Evolutionary techniques
Model predictive control
PID controller
Hydropower
title Modeling and control of automatic voltage regulation for a hydropower plant using advanced model predictive control
title_full Modeling and control of automatic voltage regulation for a hydropower plant using advanced model predictive control
title_fullStr Modeling and control of automatic voltage regulation for a hydropower plant using advanced model predictive control
title_full_unstemmed Modeling and control of automatic voltage regulation for a hydropower plant using advanced model predictive control
title_short Modeling and control of automatic voltage regulation for a hydropower plant using advanced model predictive control
title_sort modeling and control of automatic voltage regulation for a hydropower plant using advanced model predictive control
topic Automatic voltage regulation
Artificial bee colony
Evolutionary techniques
Model predictive control
PID controller
Hydropower
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096511725000295
work_keys_str_mv AT ebunleakupanrene modelingandcontrolofautomaticvoltageregulationforahydropowerplantusingadvancedmodelpredictivecontrol
AT willystephentounsifokui modelingandcontrolofautomaticvoltageregulationforahydropowerplantusingadvancedmodelpredictivecontrol