Effect of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life in adults with chronic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults with at least one chronic disease.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Coch...
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| Series: | BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health |
| Online Access: | https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2025/06/10/bmjnph-2025-001257.full |
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| author | Alessio Bricca Joshua J Heerey Søren Thorgaard Skou Adam G Culvenor Joanne Kemp Alysha M De Livera Peter Brukner Lynette Law Brooke L Devlin Amanda Attanayake |
| author_facet | Alessio Bricca Joshua J Heerey Søren Thorgaard Skou Adam G Culvenor Joanne Kemp Alysha M De Livera Peter Brukner Lynette Law Brooke L Devlin Amanda Attanayake |
| author_sort | Alessio Bricca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults with at least one chronic disease.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Centre Register of Controlled Trials from inception to 6 May 2024.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Full-text RCTs published in English assessing the effectiveness of any anti-inflammatory dietary intervention (ie, a diet that emphasises the intake of nutrient-rich, minimally processed foods rich in polyphenols, carotenoids and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and limits highly-processed, pro-inflammatory foods) on HRQOL in adults with at least one chronic disease were included.Methods Data extraction, risk-of-bias assessments and strength-of-evidence assessments were done by two independent reviewers. Pooled effects (standardised mean difference (SMD)) for HRQOL (separated into mental and physical component scores wherever possible) were calculated using random effects models with restricted maximum likelihood estimations. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed to assess the influence of study-level characteristics on HRQOL outcomes.Results 23 studies reporting HRQOL for 3294 participants were included. The most common chronic diseases were type two diabetes, musculoskeletal conditions and cardiovascular conditions. Anti-inflammatory diets were associated with small improvements in HRQOL physical component scores compared with usual care/other dietary interventions (18 trials, SMD=0.17, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.27) but not in mental component scores (18 trials, SMD=0.09, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.20) or general HRQOL scores (four trials, SMD=0.27, 95% CI −0.22 to 0.77). Pooled effects did not differ by available study-level characteristics; however, diet-only interventions (compared with multi-component interventions) had a greater effect on mental component scores. No study met the Cochrane criteria for low risk of bias. Certainty of evidence was low for physical and mental HRQOL scores and very low for general HRQOL scores.Conclusions In adults with at least one chronic disease, anti-inflammatory diets lead to small improvements in physical component HRQOL, which may not be clinically relevant. No effect was found on the mental component or general HRQOL. Further high-quality RCTs may change this conclusion. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-82bc87eb6fe9462fbec0f5f329752f8e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2516-5542 |
| language | English |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
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| series | BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-82bc87eb6fe9462fbec0f5f329752f8e2025-08-20T03:25:42ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health2516-554210.1136/bmjnph-2025-001257Effect of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life in adults with chronic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysisAlessio Bricca0Joshua J Heerey1Søren Thorgaard Skou2Adam G Culvenor3Joanne Kemp4Alysha M De Livera5Peter Brukner6Lynette Law7Brooke L Devlin8Amanda Attanayake9The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, DenmarkLa Trobe Sports Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Bundoora, Victoria, AustraliaCenter for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark4 La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University School of Allied Health Human Services and Sport, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia7 La Trobe Sports Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia1 Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaLa Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaLa Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSchool of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, AustraliaLa Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, AustraliaObjective To evaluate the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adults with at least one chronic disease.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science and the Cochrane Centre Register of Controlled Trials from inception to 6 May 2024.Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Full-text RCTs published in English assessing the effectiveness of any anti-inflammatory dietary intervention (ie, a diet that emphasises the intake of nutrient-rich, minimally processed foods rich in polyphenols, carotenoids and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and limits highly-processed, pro-inflammatory foods) on HRQOL in adults with at least one chronic disease were included.Methods Data extraction, risk-of-bias assessments and strength-of-evidence assessments were done by two independent reviewers. Pooled effects (standardised mean difference (SMD)) for HRQOL (separated into mental and physical component scores wherever possible) were calculated using random effects models with restricted maximum likelihood estimations. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed to assess the influence of study-level characteristics on HRQOL outcomes.Results 23 studies reporting HRQOL for 3294 participants were included. The most common chronic diseases were type two diabetes, musculoskeletal conditions and cardiovascular conditions. Anti-inflammatory diets were associated with small improvements in HRQOL physical component scores compared with usual care/other dietary interventions (18 trials, SMD=0.17, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.27) but not in mental component scores (18 trials, SMD=0.09, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.20) or general HRQOL scores (four trials, SMD=0.27, 95% CI −0.22 to 0.77). Pooled effects did not differ by available study-level characteristics; however, diet-only interventions (compared with multi-component interventions) had a greater effect on mental component scores. No study met the Cochrane criteria for low risk of bias. Certainty of evidence was low for physical and mental HRQOL scores and very low for general HRQOL scores.Conclusions In adults with at least one chronic disease, anti-inflammatory diets lead to small improvements in physical component HRQOL, which may not be clinically relevant. No effect was found on the mental component or general HRQOL. Further high-quality RCTs may change this conclusion.https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2025/06/10/bmjnph-2025-001257.full |
| spellingShingle | Alessio Bricca Joshua J Heerey Søren Thorgaard Skou Adam G Culvenor Joanne Kemp Alysha M De Livera Peter Brukner Lynette Law Brooke L Devlin Amanda Attanayake Effect of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life in adults with chronic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health |
| title | Effect of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life in adults with chronic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Effect of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life in adults with chronic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Effect of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life in adults with chronic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life in adults with chronic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Effect of anti-inflammatory diets on health-related quality of life in adults with chronic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | effect of anti inflammatory diets on health related quality of life in adults with chronic disease a systematic review and meta analysis |
| url | https://nutrition.bmj.com/content/early/2025/06/10/bmjnph-2025-001257.full |
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