Hardware IP protection by exploiting IP vendor’s proteogenomic BioMarker as digital watermark during behavioral synthesis

Abstract Handling the threats of intellectual property (IP) piracy and false IP ownership claim, are central from the perspective of IP vendor’ right as well as reliability of system-on-chip (SoC) designs. IP design piracy has become an emergent concern for the digital hardware design community, in...

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Main Authors: Anirban Sengupta, Nabendu Bhui, Vishal Chourasia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96495-5
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author Anirban Sengupta
Nabendu Bhui
Vishal Chourasia
author_facet Anirban Sengupta
Nabendu Bhui
Vishal Chourasia
author_sort Anirban Sengupta
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Handling the threats of intellectual property (IP) piracy and false IP ownership claim, are central from the perspective of IP vendor’ right as well as reliability of system-on-chip (SoC) designs. IP design piracy has become an emergent concern for the digital hardware design community, in the last few years. This paper presents a novel behavioral synthesis based hardware IP Protection methodology that exploits IP vendor’s proteogenomic Bio-marker as digital Watermark (BioW-IPP), for detective countermeasure against IP piracy and quashing false IP ownership claim. The proposed approach is capable of exploiting the IP vendor’s bio-watermark (proteogenomic signature) as secret digital evidence (BW-ID) to generate a robust hardware watermark for embedding into the IP design during behavioral synthesis/high level synthesis (HLS) process. The generated proteogenomic signature bio-watermark is embedded into the register allocation phase of behavioral synthesis (HLS) that ensures negligible design overhead post-embedding. The proposed approach on comparison with prior behavioral synthesis based watermarking techniques achieved greater security in terms of lower probability of coincidence (watermark collision) and higher tamper tolerance, at nominal design overhead.
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spelling doaj-art-82aeeb14f0114edabd1e405fba4f62242025-08-20T02:17:53ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-96495-5Hardware IP protection by exploiting IP vendor’s proteogenomic BioMarker as digital watermark during behavioral synthesisAnirban Sengupta0Nabendu Bhui1Vishal Chourasia2Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of TechnologyAbstract Handling the threats of intellectual property (IP) piracy and false IP ownership claim, are central from the perspective of IP vendor’ right as well as reliability of system-on-chip (SoC) designs. IP design piracy has become an emergent concern for the digital hardware design community, in the last few years. This paper presents a novel behavioral synthesis based hardware IP Protection methodology that exploits IP vendor’s proteogenomic Bio-marker as digital Watermark (BioW-IPP), for detective countermeasure against IP piracy and quashing false IP ownership claim. The proposed approach is capable of exploiting the IP vendor’s bio-watermark (proteogenomic signature) as secret digital evidence (BW-ID) to generate a robust hardware watermark for embedding into the IP design during behavioral synthesis/high level synthesis (HLS) process. The generated proteogenomic signature bio-watermark is embedded into the register allocation phase of behavioral synthesis (HLS) that ensures negligible design overhead post-embedding. The proposed approach on comparison with prior behavioral synthesis based watermarking techniques achieved greater security in terms of lower probability of coincidence (watermark collision) and higher tamper tolerance, at nominal design overhead.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96495-5ProteogenomicBio-watermarkHardware IP protectionBehavioral synthesis
spellingShingle Anirban Sengupta
Nabendu Bhui
Vishal Chourasia
Hardware IP protection by exploiting IP vendor’s proteogenomic BioMarker as digital watermark during behavioral synthesis
Scientific Reports
Proteogenomic
Bio-watermark
Hardware IP protection
Behavioral synthesis
title Hardware IP protection by exploiting IP vendor’s proteogenomic BioMarker as digital watermark during behavioral synthesis
title_full Hardware IP protection by exploiting IP vendor’s proteogenomic BioMarker as digital watermark during behavioral synthesis
title_fullStr Hardware IP protection by exploiting IP vendor’s proteogenomic BioMarker as digital watermark during behavioral synthesis
title_full_unstemmed Hardware IP protection by exploiting IP vendor’s proteogenomic BioMarker as digital watermark during behavioral synthesis
title_short Hardware IP protection by exploiting IP vendor’s proteogenomic BioMarker as digital watermark during behavioral synthesis
title_sort hardware ip protection by exploiting ip vendor s proteogenomic biomarker as digital watermark during behavioral synthesis
topic Proteogenomic
Bio-watermark
Hardware IP protection
Behavioral synthesis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96495-5
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AT nabendubhui hardwareipprotectionbyexploitingipvendorsproteogenomicbiomarkerasdigitalwatermarkduringbehavioralsynthesis
AT vishalchourasia hardwareipprotectionbyexploitingipvendorsproteogenomicbiomarkerasdigitalwatermarkduringbehavioralsynthesis