Image quality evaluation of imaging skins, a novel stretchable X-ray detector for intraoperative tumour imaging
Abstract This paper presents the development of a novel X-ray detector composed of silicone elastomer and GOS:Tb, which we refer to as imaging skins. These detectors were integrated into a custom X-ray system to convert radiation into visible light. Our study focused on how fabrication parameters su...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96768-z |
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| author | Solène Dietsch Harry Allan Lukas Lindenroth Robert Moss Agostino Stilli Danail Stoyanov |
| author_facet | Solène Dietsch Harry Allan Lukas Lindenroth Robert Moss Agostino Stilli Danail Stoyanov |
| author_sort | Solène Dietsch |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This paper presents the development of a novel X-ray detector composed of silicone elastomer and GOS:Tb, which we refer to as imaging skins. These detectors were integrated into a custom X-ray system to convert radiation into visible light. Our study focused on how fabrication parameters such as thickness and concentration impact sensor linearity, considering their potential application directly on the skin or organs to identify tumour margins during surgery. In addition, we examined how the stretching capabilities of these detectors influenced the image quality. Our imaging detection stack demonstrated consistent linearity across various fabrication parameters with the coefficient of determination ( $$R^2$$ ) more than 0.99998, showing that the silicone elastomer does not affect the conversion of the X-ray into light. We achieved a spatial resolution of 1.16–1.42 lp/mm at 10% of the Spatial Frequency Response using a 0.5-mm thick sensor. This study represents a first step towards integrating stretchable X-ray detectors into clinical settings, particularly on curved surfaces, to unlock their full potential in complex surgical configurations. It also highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the interactions between X-rays and detector materials to fully interpret the observed effects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-82a13ea5f4134668bf7cbc0acb937459 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-82a13ea5f4134668bf7cbc0acb9374592025-08-20T02:17:13ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-96768-zImage quality evaluation of imaging skins, a novel stretchable X-ray detector for intraoperative tumour imagingSolène Dietsch0Harry Allan1Lukas Lindenroth2Robert Moss3Agostino Stilli4Danail Stoyanov5Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College LondonDepartment of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College LondonSchool of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College LondonDepartment of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College LondonWellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College LondonWellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College LondonAbstract This paper presents the development of a novel X-ray detector composed of silicone elastomer and GOS:Tb, which we refer to as imaging skins. These detectors were integrated into a custom X-ray system to convert radiation into visible light. Our study focused on how fabrication parameters such as thickness and concentration impact sensor linearity, considering their potential application directly on the skin or organs to identify tumour margins during surgery. In addition, we examined how the stretching capabilities of these detectors influenced the image quality. Our imaging detection stack demonstrated consistent linearity across various fabrication parameters with the coefficient of determination ( $$R^2$$ ) more than 0.99998, showing that the silicone elastomer does not affect the conversion of the X-ray into light. We achieved a spatial resolution of 1.16–1.42 lp/mm at 10% of the Spatial Frequency Response using a 0.5-mm thick sensor. This study represents a first step towards integrating stretchable X-ray detectors into clinical settings, particularly on curved surfaces, to unlock their full potential in complex surgical configurations. It also highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the interactions between X-rays and detector materials to fully interpret the observed effects.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96768-zX-ray detectorSoft materialsStretchable sensorScintillatorImage quality |
| spellingShingle | Solène Dietsch Harry Allan Lukas Lindenroth Robert Moss Agostino Stilli Danail Stoyanov Image quality evaluation of imaging skins, a novel stretchable X-ray detector for intraoperative tumour imaging Scientific Reports X-ray detector Soft materials Stretchable sensor Scintillator Image quality |
| title | Image quality evaluation of imaging skins, a novel stretchable X-ray detector for intraoperative tumour imaging |
| title_full | Image quality evaluation of imaging skins, a novel stretchable X-ray detector for intraoperative tumour imaging |
| title_fullStr | Image quality evaluation of imaging skins, a novel stretchable X-ray detector for intraoperative tumour imaging |
| title_full_unstemmed | Image quality evaluation of imaging skins, a novel stretchable X-ray detector for intraoperative tumour imaging |
| title_short | Image quality evaluation of imaging skins, a novel stretchable X-ray detector for intraoperative tumour imaging |
| title_sort | image quality evaluation of imaging skins a novel stretchable x ray detector for intraoperative tumour imaging |
| topic | X-ray detector Soft materials Stretchable sensor Scintillator Image quality |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96768-z |
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