Estimated burden of fungal infections in Kenya
Introduction: Kenya is a developing country with a high rate of tuberculosis (TB) and a moderate HIV infection burden. No estimate of the burden of fungal diseases in Kenya is published. Methodology: We used specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies from the literature to estima...
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The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
2016-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
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| Online Access: | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/7614 |
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| author | John Abuga Guto Christine C Bii David W Denning |
| author_facet | John Abuga Guto Christine C Bii David W Denning |
| author_sort | John Abuga Guto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Kenya is a developing country with a high rate of tuberculosis (TB) and a moderate HIV infection burden. No estimate of the burden of fungal diseases in Kenya is published.
Methodology: We used specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies from the literature to estimate national incidence or prevalence of serious fungal infections. Used sources were: 2010 WHO TB statistics, Kenya Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Epidemic Update 2012, Kenya Facts and figures 2012, Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008-2009.
Results: Of Kenya’s population of ~40 million, 43% are under 15 years old and approximately 594,660 Kenyan women get >4 episodes Candida vulvovaginitis annually (2,988/100,000). The HIV/AIDS population at risk of opportunistic infections (OI) is 480,000 and the OI estimates include 306,000 patients with oral thrush (768/100,000), 114,000 with oesophageal candidiasis (286/100,000), 11,900 with cryptococcal meningitis (29/100,000) and 17,000 patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia (42/100,000). Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis following TB has a prevalence of 10,848 cases (32/100,000). The adult asthma prevalence is 3.1% and assuming 2.5% have allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis then 17,696 (44/100,000) are affected. Invasive aspergillosis, candidaemia and Candida peritonitis are probably uncommon. Tinea capitis infects 9.6% of children in Kenya, while fungal keratitis and otomycoses are difficult to estimate.
Conclusion: At any one time, about 7% of the Kenyan population suffers from a significant fungal infection, with recurrent vaginitis and tinea capitis accounting for 82% of the infections. These estimates require further epidemiological studies for validation.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8291bd6cf00444bb8dc531e121d1c8ed |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1972-2680 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-08-01 |
| publisher | The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Infection in Developing Countries |
| spelling | doaj-art-8291bd6cf00444bb8dc531e121d1c8ed2025-08-20T03:52:41ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802016-08-01100810.3855/jidc.7614Estimated burden of fungal infections in KenyaJohn Abuga Guto0Christine C Bii1David W Denning2LIFE program at Fungal Infection Trust, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United KingdomCenter for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaLIFE program at Fungal Infection Trust, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United KingdomIntroduction: Kenya is a developing country with a high rate of tuberculosis (TB) and a moderate HIV infection burden. No estimate of the burden of fungal diseases in Kenya is published. Methodology: We used specific populations at risk and fungal infection frequencies from the literature to estimate national incidence or prevalence of serious fungal infections. Used sources were: 2010 WHO TB statistics, Kenya Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Epidemic Update 2012, Kenya Facts and figures 2012, Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008-2009. Results: Of Kenya’s population of ~40 million, 43% are under 15 years old and approximately 594,660 Kenyan women get >4 episodes Candida vulvovaginitis annually (2,988/100,000). The HIV/AIDS population at risk of opportunistic infections (OI) is 480,000 and the OI estimates include 306,000 patients with oral thrush (768/100,000), 114,000 with oesophageal candidiasis (286/100,000), 11,900 with cryptococcal meningitis (29/100,000) and 17,000 patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia (42/100,000). Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis following TB has a prevalence of 10,848 cases (32/100,000). The adult asthma prevalence is 3.1% and assuming 2.5% have allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis then 17,696 (44/100,000) are affected. Invasive aspergillosis, candidaemia and Candida peritonitis are probably uncommon. Tinea capitis infects 9.6% of children in Kenya, while fungal keratitis and otomycoses are difficult to estimate. Conclusion: At any one time, about 7% of the Kenyan population suffers from a significant fungal infection, with recurrent vaginitis and tinea capitis accounting for 82% of the infections. These estimates require further epidemiological studies for validation. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/7614AspergillusCryptococcusTrichophytonAIDSasthmatuberculosis |
| spellingShingle | John Abuga Guto Christine C Bii David W Denning Estimated burden of fungal infections in Kenya Journal of Infection in Developing Countries Aspergillus Cryptococcus Trichophyton AIDS asthma tuberculosis |
| title | Estimated burden of fungal infections in Kenya |
| title_full | Estimated burden of fungal infections in Kenya |
| title_fullStr | Estimated burden of fungal infections in Kenya |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estimated burden of fungal infections in Kenya |
| title_short | Estimated burden of fungal infections in Kenya |
| title_sort | estimated burden of fungal infections in kenya |
| topic | Aspergillus Cryptococcus Trichophyton AIDS asthma tuberculosis |
| url | https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/7614 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT johnabugaguto estimatedburdenoffungalinfectionsinkenya AT christinecbii estimatedburdenoffungalinfectionsinkenya AT davidwdenning estimatedburdenoffungalinfectionsinkenya |