Risk factors for subclinical endometritis and its effect on reproductive performance in small-scale dairy farms

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of subclinical endometritis (SCE) on reproductive performance and identify risk factors for this pathology in small-scale dairies. In four small-scale dairies, 608 lactations were monitored for health issues, nutritional status, and reproductive events, and SCE...

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Main Authors: Fernando Villaseñor-González, Luis Javier Montiel-Olguín, Mario Alfredo Espinosa-Martínez, Marina Durán-Aguilar, Feliciano Milian-Suazo, Héctor Raymundo Vera-Ávila
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Veterinary and Animal Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000899
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author Fernando Villaseñor-González
Luis Javier Montiel-Olguín
Mario Alfredo Espinosa-Martínez
Marina Durán-Aguilar
Feliciano Milian-Suazo
Héctor Raymundo Vera-Ávila
author_facet Fernando Villaseñor-González
Luis Javier Montiel-Olguín
Mario Alfredo Espinosa-Martínez
Marina Durán-Aguilar
Feliciano Milian-Suazo
Héctor Raymundo Vera-Ávila
author_sort Fernando Villaseñor-González
collection DOAJ
description The study aimed to evaluate the effect of subclinical endometritis (SCE) on reproductive performance and identify risk factors for this pathology in small-scale dairies. In four small-scale dairies, 608 lactations were monitored for health issues, nutritional status, and reproductive events, and SCE was diagnosed based on endometrial polymorphonuclear counting (PMN%) at 30±5 (SCE30) and 60±5 (SCE60) days postpartum. The threshold for diagnosis was established according to the quartile distribution of PMN%; 4 % and 2 % for SCE30 and SCE60. Conception rate at first service (CRFS), number of services per conception (SC), and days open (DO) were analyzed for SCE effect through Chi-square or ANOVA. Events of interest were considered in each lactation to perform a risk factor analysis using univariate logistic regression and multiple logistic regression model building. The population attributable fraction was calculated to identify the most important risk factors. Considering both sampling periods, 40.5 % of the cows were positive for SCE. SCE30-positive cows had lower CRFS (38.9 vs 53.7 %), required 0.4 more SC, and had 20.2 more DO than SCE30-negative cows (P ≤ 0.001). SCE60-positive cows had 16 more DO than SCE60-negative cows (P ≤ 0.01). The most important risk factors for SCE30 were retained fetal membranes (RFM) and uterine diseases, while calving season, RFM, and SCE30 status were the risk factors for SCE60. SCE could represent a major problem in small-scale dairies due to its prevalence and negative effect on reproductive performance. Furthermore, there are identifiable risk factors for SCE under these production conditions, which should be considered when designing prevention strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-8291884a7fd44c1e8e545c611bc692d02025-08-20T02:57:56ZengElsevierVeterinary and Animal Science2451-943X2025-03-012710042210.1016/j.vas.2024.100422Risk factors for subclinical endometritis and its effect on reproductive performance in small-scale dairy farmsFernando Villaseñor-González0Luis Javier Montiel-Olguín1Mario Alfredo Espinosa-Martínez2Marina Durán-Aguilar3Feliciano Milian-Suazo4Héctor Raymundo Vera-Ávila5Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Av. de las Ciencias SN. Juriquilla. Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro, CP 76230, Mexico; C.E. Centro Altos de Jalisco– INIFAP. Av. Biodiversidad 2470, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco. CP, 47714. MéxicoCentro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal- INIFAP. Km 1 Carretera a Colón, Ajuchitlán, Querétaro. CP, 76280, MexicoCentro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal- INIFAP. Km 1 Carretera a Colón, Ajuchitlán, Querétaro. CP, 76280, MexicoDoctorado en Ciencias Biológicas-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Av. de las Ciencias SN. Juriquilla. Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro, CP 76230, Mexico; Licenciatura en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Av. de las Ciencias SN. Juriquilla. Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro, CP, 76230, MexicoDoctorado en Ciencias Biológicas-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Av. de las Ciencias SN. Juriquilla. Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro, CP 76230, Mexico; Licenciatura en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Av. de las Ciencias SN. Juriquilla. Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro, CP, 76230, MexicoDoctorado en Ciencias Biológicas-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Av. de las Ciencias SN. Juriquilla. Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro, CP 76230, Mexico; Licenciatura en Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia-Facultad de Ciencias Naturales-Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Av. de las Ciencias SN. Juriquilla. Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro, CP, 76230, Mexico; Corresponding author.The study aimed to evaluate the effect of subclinical endometritis (SCE) on reproductive performance and identify risk factors for this pathology in small-scale dairies. In four small-scale dairies, 608 lactations were monitored for health issues, nutritional status, and reproductive events, and SCE was diagnosed based on endometrial polymorphonuclear counting (PMN%) at 30±5 (SCE30) and 60±5 (SCE60) days postpartum. The threshold for diagnosis was established according to the quartile distribution of PMN%; 4 % and 2 % for SCE30 and SCE60. Conception rate at first service (CRFS), number of services per conception (SC), and days open (DO) were analyzed for SCE effect through Chi-square or ANOVA. Events of interest were considered in each lactation to perform a risk factor analysis using univariate logistic regression and multiple logistic regression model building. The population attributable fraction was calculated to identify the most important risk factors. Considering both sampling periods, 40.5 % of the cows were positive for SCE. SCE30-positive cows had lower CRFS (38.9 vs 53.7 %), required 0.4 more SC, and had 20.2 more DO than SCE30-negative cows (P ≤ 0.001). SCE60-positive cows had 16 more DO than SCE60-negative cows (P ≤ 0.01). The most important risk factors for SCE30 were retained fetal membranes (RFM) and uterine diseases, while calving season, RFM, and SCE30 status were the risk factors for SCE60. SCE could represent a major problem in small-scale dairies due to its prevalence and negative effect on reproductive performance. Furthermore, there are identifiable risk factors for SCE under these production conditions, which should be considered when designing prevention strategies.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000899Uterine pathologiesReproductive performanceSmall-scale dairies
spellingShingle Fernando Villaseñor-González
Luis Javier Montiel-Olguín
Mario Alfredo Espinosa-Martínez
Marina Durán-Aguilar
Feliciano Milian-Suazo
Héctor Raymundo Vera-Ávila
Risk factors for subclinical endometritis and its effect on reproductive performance in small-scale dairy farms
Veterinary and Animal Science
Uterine pathologies
Reproductive performance
Small-scale dairies
title Risk factors for subclinical endometritis and its effect on reproductive performance in small-scale dairy farms
title_full Risk factors for subclinical endometritis and its effect on reproductive performance in small-scale dairy farms
title_fullStr Risk factors for subclinical endometritis and its effect on reproductive performance in small-scale dairy farms
title_full_unstemmed Risk factors for subclinical endometritis and its effect on reproductive performance in small-scale dairy farms
title_short Risk factors for subclinical endometritis and its effect on reproductive performance in small-scale dairy farms
title_sort risk factors for subclinical endometritis and its effect on reproductive performance in small scale dairy farms
topic Uterine pathologies
Reproductive performance
Small-scale dairies
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451943X24000899
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