Utilizing Environmental DNA for Early Monitoring of Non-Indigenous Fish Species in Maritime Ballast Water

Ballast water has become a significant vector for the global spread of non-indigenous aquatic species. These species may cause severe ecological disruption and economic losses when introduced into new environments. Traditional monitoring techniques often lack the sensitivity and efficiency required...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hanglei Li, Hui Jia, Hui Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Fishes
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/241
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850126546436620288
author Hanglei Li
Hui Jia
Hui Zhang
author_facet Hanglei Li
Hui Jia
Hui Zhang
author_sort Hanglei Li
collection DOAJ
description Ballast water has become a significant vector for the global spread of non-indigenous aquatic species. These species may cause severe ecological disruption and economic losses when introduced into new environments. Traditional monitoring techniques often lack the sensitivity and efficiency required for early monitoring, hindering timely and effective management. In this study, we used environmental DNA (eDNA) technology to assess fish diversity and identify non-indigenous fish species in ballast water samples collected from 14 international vessels entering Dongjiakou Port, China. Genetic evidence of five non-indigenous fish species was monitored, including two recognized invasive species (<i>Lates calcarifer</i> and <i>Anguilla anguilla</i>). Among all groups, samples from Group B (V2, V3, V6, V8) exhibited the highest diversity of non-indigenous species, suggesting regional differences in species composition that may reflect source port biodiversity. These findings highlight the utility of eDNA-based monitoring not only for early detection of potentially non-indigenous taxa but also for capturing biogeographic patterns associated with global maritime traffic. By demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach at an international port, this study contributes a scientific foundation for both local biodiversity conservation and broader ecological surveillance, offering valuable insights for the ongoing development of ballast water management strategies worldwide.
format Article
id doaj-art-825a57e6bd654c718bb9522b0f6c6fdb
institution OA Journals
issn 2410-3888
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Fishes
spelling doaj-art-825a57e6bd654c718bb9522b0f6c6fdb2025-08-20T02:33:54ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882025-05-0110524110.3390/fishes10050241Utilizing Environmental DNA for Early Monitoring of Non-Indigenous Fish Species in Maritime Ballast WaterHanglei Li0Hui Jia1Hui Zhang2CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, ChinaBallast water has become a significant vector for the global spread of non-indigenous aquatic species. These species may cause severe ecological disruption and economic losses when introduced into new environments. Traditional monitoring techniques often lack the sensitivity and efficiency required for early monitoring, hindering timely and effective management. In this study, we used environmental DNA (eDNA) technology to assess fish diversity and identify non-indigenous fish species in ballast water samples collected from 14 international vessels entering Dongjiakou Port, China. Genetic evidence of five non-indigenous fish species was monitored, including two recognized invasive species (<i>Lates calcarifer</i> and <i>Anguilla anguilla</i>). Among all groups, samples from Group B (V2, V3, V6, V8) exhibited the highest diversity of non-indigenous species, suggesting regional differences in species composition that may reflect source port biodiversity. These findings highlight the utility of eDNA-based monitoring not only for early detection of potentially non-indigenous taxa but also for capturing biogeographic patterns associated with global maritime traffic. By demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach at an international port, this study contributes a scientific foundation for both local biodiversity conservation and broader ecological surveillance, offering valuable insights for the ongoing development of ballast water management strategies worldwide.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/241ballast waternon-indigenous fishenvironmental DNA technologyspecies diversity
spellingShingle Hanglei Li
Hui Jia
Hui Zhang
Utilizing Environmental DNA for Early Monitoring of Non-Indigenous Fish Species in Maritime Ballast Water
Fishes
ballast water
non-indigenous fish
environmental DNA technology
species diversity
title Utilizing Environmental DNA for Early Monitoring of Non-Indigenous Fish Species in Maritime Ballast Water
title_full Utilizing Environmental DNA for Early Monitoring of Non-Indigenous Fish Species in Maritime Ballast Water
title_fullStr Utilizing Environmental DNA for Early Monitoring of Non-Indigenous Fish Species in Maritime Ballast Water
title_full_unstemmed Utilizing Environmental DNA for Early Monitoring of Non-Indigenous Fish Species in Maritime Ballast Water
title_short Utilizing Environmental DNA for Early Monitoring of Non-Indigenous Fish Species in Maritime Ballast Water
title_sort utilizing environmental dna for early monitoring of non indigenous fish species in maritime ballast water
topic ballast water
non-indigenous fish
environmental DNA technology
species diversity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/10/5/241
work_keys_str_mv AT hangleili utilizingenvironmentaldnaforearlymonitoringofnonindigenousfishspeciesinmaritimeballastwater
AT huijia utilizingenvironmentaldnaforearlymonitoringofnonindigenousfishspeciesinmaritimeballastwater
AT huizhang utilizingenvironmentaldnaforearlymonitoringofnonindigenousfishspeciesinmaritimeballastwater