Evolutionary Relationships of the Phytophthora 1a Subclade Species Based on Complete Mitogenomes, and Novel Markers for Their Differentiation

ABSTRACT Phytophthora is a genus of oomycetes that includes many aggressive pathogens capable of devastating farmlands and forests worldwide. Among the oldest and most well‐known species, P. cactorum exhibits morphological and genetic similarities to other homothallic species within subclade 1a, whi...

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Main Authors: Tao Lin, Huiqin Wang, Haiting Ma, Jiaying Duan, Wenxin Wang, Xiaoyu Shi, Yaling Li, Zengqiang Qian, Nian Liu, Jiabin Zou, Ayaka Hieno, Koji Kageyama, Mingzhu Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Ecology and Evolution
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71105
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author Tao Lin
Huiqin Wang
Haiting Ma
Jiaying Duan
Wenxin Wang
Xiaoyu Shi
Yaling Li
Zengqiang Qian
Nian Liu
Jiabin Zou
Ayaka Hieno
Koji Kageyama
Mingzhu Li
author_facet Tao Lin
Huiqin Wang
Haiting Ma
Jiaying Duan
Wenxin Wang
Xiaoyu Shi
Yaling Li
Zengqiang Qian
Nian Liu
Jiabin Zou
Ayaka Hieno
Koji Kageyama
Mingzhu Li
author_sort Tao Lin
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Phytophthora is a genus of oomycetes that includes many aggressive pathogens capable of devastating farmlands and forests worldwide. Among the oldest and most well‐known species, P. cactorum exhibits morphological and genetic similarities to other homothallic species within subclade 1a, which complicates the understanding of their evolutionary relationships. This study primarily compared seven P. cactorum strains from diverse origins with three closely related species in subclade 1a, utilizing mitogenome sequences for analysis. The circular mitogenomes of the four species were nearly identical in size and comprised 38 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 25 transfer ribonucleic acid genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The mitochondrial genomes exhibited a higher percentage of A/T compared to G/C content. The majority of AT‐skew and GC‐skew values among the 38 PCGs were positive, with the AT‐skew demonstrating a more pronounced bias than the GC‐skew. The Ka/Ks ratios revealed that 35 PCGs underwent significant purifying selection. Although the AliGROOVE analysis indicated notable similarities among the subclade 1a species, four PCGs exhibited significantly higher pairing frequency compared to the complete mitogenome. The results from the phylogenetic analysis aligned with the pairwise genetic distances, indicating that P. cactorum is more closely related to P. pseudotsugae than to P. hedraiandra. Furthermore, we found that the nad9 gene is informative to differentiate closely related Phytophthora species within subclade 1a, akin to the cox1 gene.
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spelling doaj-art-824f087b201b4d538e2bfccb600fba902025-08-20T02:14:01ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-03-01153n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71105Evolutionary Relationships of the Phytophthora 1a Subclade Species Based on Complete Mitogenomes, and Novel Markers for Their DifferentiationTao Lin0Huiqin Wang1Haiting Ma2Jiaying Duan3Wenxin Wang4Xiaoyu Shi5Yaling Li6Zengqiang Qian7Nian Liu8Jiabin Zou9Ayaka Hieno10Koji Kageyama11Mingzhu Li12The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an ChinaRiver Basin Research Center Gifu University Gifu JapanRiver Basin Research Center Gifu University Gifu JapanThe Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an ChinaABSTRACT Phytophthora is a genus of oomycetes that includes many aggressive pathogens capable of devastating farmlands and forests worldwide. Among the oldest and most well‐known species, P. cactorum exhibits morphological and genetic similarities to other homothallic species within subclade 1a, which complicates the understanding of their evolutionary relationships. This study primarily compared seven P. cactorum strains from diverse origins with three closely related species in subclade 1a, utilizing mitogenome sequences for analysis. The circular mitogenomes of the four species were nearly identical in size and comprised 38 protein‐coding genes (PCGs), 25 transfer ribonucleic acid genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. The mitochondrial genomes exhibited a higher percentage of A/T compared to G/C content. The majority of AT‐skew and GC‐skew values among the 38 PCGs were positive, with the AT‐skew demonstrating a more pronounced bias than the GC‐skew. The Ka/Ks ratios revealed that 35 PCGs underwent significant purifying selection. Although the AliGROOVE analysis indicated notable similarities among the subclade 1a species, four PCGs exhibited significantly higher pairing frequency compared to the complete mitogenome. The results from the phylogenetic analysis aligned with the pairwise genetic distances, indicating that P. cactorum is more closely related to P. pseudotsugae than to P. hedraiandra. Furthermore, we found that the nad9 gene is informative to differentiate closely related Phytophthora species within subclade 1a, akin to the cox1 gene.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71105mitogenomeP. Cactorum complexphylogenyPhytophthora
spellingShingle Tao Lin
Huiqin Wang
Haiting Ma
Jiaying Duan
Wenxin Wang
Xiaoyu Shi
Yaling Li
Zengqiang Qian
Nian Liu
Jiabin Zou
Ayaka Hieno
Koji Kageyama
Mingzhu Li
Evolutionary Relationships of the Phytophthora 1a Subclade Species Based on Complete Mitogenomes, and Novel Markers for Their Differentiation
Ecology and Evolution
mitogenome
P. Cactorum complex
phylogeny
Phytophthora
title Evolutionary Relationships of the Phytophthora 1a Subclade Species Based on Complete Mitogenomes, and Novel Markers for Their Differentiation
title_full Evolutionary Relationships of the Phytophthora 1a Subclade Species Based on Complete Mitogenomes, and Novel Markers for Their Differentiation
title_fullStr Evolutionary Relationships of the Phytophthora 1a Subclade Species Based on Complete Mitogenomes, and Novel Markers for Their Differentiation
title_full_unstemmed Evolutionary Relationships of the Phytophthora 1a Subclade Species Based on Complete Mitogenomes, and Novel Markers for Their Differentiation
title_short Evolutionary Relationships of the Phytophthora 1a Subclade Species Based on Complete Mitogenomes, and Novel Markers for Their Differentiation
title_sort evolutionary relationships of the phytophthora 1a subclade species based on complete mitogenomes and novel markers for their differentiation
topic mitogenome
P. Cactorum complex
phylogeny
Phytophthora
url https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71105
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