Cancer therapy via neoepitope-specific monoclonal antibody cocktails

Abstract Cellular heterogeneity presents a significant challenge to cancer treatment. Antibody therapies targeting individual tumor-associated antigens can be extremely effective but are not suited for all patients and often fail against tumors with heterogeneous expression as tumor cells with low o...

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Main Authors: Colin J. Hartman, Asmaa O. Mohamed, Girja S. Shukla, Stephanie C. Pero, Yu-Jing Sun, Roberto S. Rodríguez-Jimenez, Nicholas F. Genovese, Nico M. Kohler, Thomas R. Hemphill, Yina H. Huang, David N. Krag, Margaret E. Ackerman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-05-01
Series:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04075-3
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author Colin J. Hartman
Asmaa O. Mohamed
Girja S. Shukla
Stephanie C. Pero
Yu-Jing Sun
Roberto S. Rodríguez-Jimenez
Nicholas F. Genovese
Nico M. Kohler
Thomas R. Hemphill
Yina H. Huang
David N. Krag
Margaret E. Ackerman
author_facet Colin J. Hartman
Asmaa O. Mohamed
Girja S. Shukla
Stephanie C. Pero
Yu-Jing Sun
Roberto S. Rodríguez-Jimenez
Nicholas F. Genovese
Nico M. Kohler
Thomas R. Hemphill
Yina H. Huang
David N. Krag
Margaret E. Ackerman
author_sort Colin J. Hartman
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cellular heterogeneity presents a significant challenge to cancer treatment. Antibody therapies targeting individual tumor-associated antigens can be extremely effective but are not suited for all patients and often fail against tumors with heterogeneous expression as tumor cells with low or no antigen expression escape targeting and develop resistance. Simultaneously targeting multiple tumor-specific proteins with multiple antibodies has the potential to overcome this barrier and improve efficacy, but relatively few widely expressed cancer-specific antigens are known. In contrast, neoepitopes, which arise from mutations unique to tumor cells, are considerably more abundant. However, since neoepitopes are not commonly shared between individuals, a patient-customized approach is necessary and motivates efforts to develop an efficient means to identify suitable target mutations and isolate neoepitope-specific monoclonal antibodies. Here, focusing on the latter goal, we use directed evolution in yeast and phage display systems to engineer antibodies from nonimmune, human antibody fragment libraries that are specific for neoepitopes previously reported in the B16F10 melanoma model. We demonstrate proof-of-concept for a pipeline that supports rapid isolation and functional enhancement of multiple neoepitope peptide-targeted monoclonal antibodies and demonstrate their robust binding to B16F10 cells and potent effector functions in vitro. These antibodies were combined and evaluated in vivo for anticancer activity in tumor-bearing mice, where they suppressed B16F10 tumor growth and prolonged survival. These findings emphasize the potential for clinical application of patient-customized antibody cocktails in the treatment of the many cancers poorly addressed by current therapies.
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spelling doaj-art-82467b5cb252464b85c6eb4d1e26cf712025-08-20T02:39:47ZengSpringerCancer Immunology, Immunotherapy1432-08512025-05-0174712010.1007/s00262-025-04075-3Cancer therapy via neoepitope-specific monoclonal antibody cocktailsColin J. Hartman0Asmaa O. Mohamed1Girja S. Shukla2Stephanie C. Pero3Yu-Jing Sun4Roberto S. Rodríguez-Jimenez5Nicholas F. Genovese6Nico M. Kohler7Thomas R. Hemphill8Yina H. Huang9David N. Krag10Margaret E. Ackerman11Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthLarner College of Medicine, University of VermontLarner College of Medicine, University of VermontLarner College of Medicine, University of VermontThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth CollegeThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth CollegeThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth CollegeThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth CollegeDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthLarner College of Medicine, University of VermontDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthAbstract Cellular heterogeneity presents a significant challenge to cancer treatment. Antibody therapies targeting individual tumor-associated antigens can be extremely effective but are not suited for all patients and often fail against tumors with heterogeneous expression as tumor cells with low or no antigen expression escape targeting and develop resistance. Simultaneously targeting multiple tumor-specific proteins with multiple antibodies has the potential to overcome this barrier and improve efficacy, but relatively few widely expressed cancer-specific antigens are known. In contrast, neoepitopes, which arise from mutations unique to tumor cells, are considerably more abundant. However, since neoepitopes are not commonly shared between individuals, a patient-customized approach is necessary and motivates efforts to develop an efficient means to identify suitable target mutations and isolate neoepitope-specific monoclonal antibodies. Here, focusing on the latter goal, we use directed evolution in yeast and phage display systems to engineer antibodies from nonimmune, human antibody fragment libraries that are specific for neoepitopes previously reported in the B16F10 melanoma model. We demonstrate proof-of-concept for a pipeline that supports rapid isolation and functional enhancement of multiple neoepitope peptide-targeted monoclonal antibodies and demonstrate their robust binding to B16F10 cells and potent effector functions in vitro. These antibodies were combined and evaluated in vivo for anticancer activity in tumor-bearing mice, where they suppressed B16F10 tumor growth and prolonged survival. These findings emphasize the potential for clinical application of patient-customized antibody cocktails in the treatment of the many cancers poorly addressed by current therapies.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04075-3Monoclonal antibodyNeoepitopePhage displayYeast displayMelanomaEffector function
spellingShingle Colin J. Hartman
Asmaa O. Mohamed
Girja S. Shukla
Stephanie C. Pero
Yu-Jing Sun
Roberto S. Rodríguez-Jimenez
Nicholas F. Genovese
Nico M. Kohler
Thomas R. Hemphill
Yina H. Huang
David N. Krag
Margaret E. Ackerman
Cancer therapy via neoepitope-specific monoclonal antibody cocktails
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Monoclonal antibody
Neoepitope
Phage display
Yeast display
Melanoma
Effector function
title Cancer therapy via neoepitope-specific monoclonal antibody cocktails
title_full Cancer therapy via neoepitope-specific monoclonal antibody cocktails
title_fullStr Cancer therapy via neoepitope-specific monoclonal antibody cocktails
title_full_unstemmed Cancer therapy via neoepitope-specific monoclonal antibody cocktails
title_short Cancer therapy via neoepitope-specific monoclonal antibody cocktails
title_sort cancer therapy via neoepitope specific monoclonal antibody cocktails
topic Monoclonal antibody
Neoepitope
Phage display
Yeast display
Melanoma
Effector function
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04075-3
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