One Health approach uncovers emergence and dynamics of Usutu and West Nile viruses in the Netherlands

Abstract Mosquito-borne arboviruses, including Usutu virus (USUV) and West Nile virus (WNV), are emerging threats in Europe, with changes in climate, land use shifts, and increasing global connectivity influencing their dynamics. Understanding how these viruses emerge and establish in new regions is...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Emmanuelle Münger, Nnomzie C. Atama, Jurrian van Irsel, Rody Blom, Louie Krol, Tjomme van Mastrigt, Tijs J. van den Berg, Marieta Braks, Ankje de Vries, Anne van der Linden, Irina Chestakova, Marjan Boter, Felicity D. Chandler, Robert Kohl, David F. Nieuwenhuijse, Mathilde Uiterwijk, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Hein Sprong, Andrea Gröne, Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt, Maarten Schrama, Chantal B. E. M. Reusken, Arjan Stroo, Judith M. A. van den Brand, Henk P. van der Jeugd, Bas B. Oude Munnink, Reina S. Sikkema, Marion P. G. Koopmans
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63122-w
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849226142991515648
author Emmanuelle Münger
Nnomzie C. Atama
Jurrian van Irsel
Rody Blom
Louie Krol
Tjomme van Mastrigt
Tijs J. van den Berg
Marieta Braks
Ankje de Vries
Anne van der Linden
Irina Chestakova
Marjan Boter
Felicity D. Chandler
Robert Kohl
David F. Nieuwenhuijse
Mathilde Uiterwijk
Ron A. M. Fouchier
Hein Sprong
Andrea Gröne
Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt
Maarten Schrama
Chantal B. E. M. Reusken
Arjan Stroo
Judith M. A. van den Brand
Henk P. van der Jeugd
Bas B. Oude Munnink
Reina S. Sikkema
Marion P. G. Koopmans
author_facet Emmanuelle Münger
Nnomzie C. Atama
Jurrian van Irsel
Rody Blom
Louie Krol
Tjomme van Mastrigt
Tijs J. van den Berg
Marieta Braks
Ankje de Vries
Anne van der Linden
Irina Chestakova
Marjan Boter
Felicity D. Chandler
Robert Kohl
David F. Nieuwenhuijse
Mathilde Uiterwijk
Ron A. M. Fouchier
Hein Sprong
Andrea Gröne
Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt
Maarten Schrama
Chantal B. E. M. Reusken
Arjan Stroo
Judith M. A. van den Brand
Henk P. van der Jeugd
Bas B. Oude Munnink
Reina S. Sikkema
Marion P. G. Koopmans
author_sort Emmanuelle Münger
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Mosquito-borne arboviruses, including Usutu virus (USUV) and West Nile virus (WNV), are emerging threats in Europe, with changes in climate, land use shifts, and increasing global connectivity influencing their dynamics. Understanding how these viruses emerge and establish in new regions is critical for mitigating risks and improving public and wildlife health preparedness. Here, we present a seven-year study (2016–2022, inclusive) documenting the emergence and spread of USUV and WNV in the Netherlands. We established a nationwide sampling framework integrating live birds sampling by volunteer ringers, dead birds referrals by citizen scientists and zoos, and mosquito trapping. Samples were analyzed using molecular, genomic, and serological methods. USUV was first detected in the Netherlands in 2016, caused major outbreaks in birds until 2018 and resurged in 2022. The dominant, enzootic lineage, Africa 3, co-circulated with sporadic introductions of lineage Europe 3. The first localized WNV lineage 2 outbreak occurred in live birds and mosquitoes in 2020, followed by a detection in a bird in 2022 and serological evidence of continued circulation, suggesting WNV is in an early stage of establishment. Our findings were crucial in detecting a human WNV outbreak, underscoring the value of integrated wildlife studies in detecting emerging threats to public health.
format Article
id doaj-art-8238304ad3dc4123be67e6f460eb042a
institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-8238304ad3dc4123be67e6f460eb042a2025-08-24T11:36:53ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-08-0116111410.1038/s41467-025-63122-wOne Health approach uncovers emergence and dynamics of Usutu and West Nile viruses in the NetherlandsEmmanuelle Münger0Nnomzie C. Atama1Jurrian van Irsel2Rody Blom3Louie Krol4Tjomme van Mastrigt5Tijs J. van den Berg6Marieta Braks7Ankje de Vries8Anne van der Linden9Irina Chestakova10Marjan Boter11Felicity D. Chandler12Robert Kohl13David F. Nieuwenhuijse14Mathilde Uiterwijk15Ron A. M. Fouchier16Hein Sprong17Andrea Gröne18Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt19Maarten Schrama20Chantal B. E. M. Reusken21Arjan Stroo22Judith M. A. van den Brand23Henk P. van der Jeugd24Bas B. Oude Munnink25Reina S. Sikkema26Marion P. G. Koopmans27Viroscience, Erasmus MCViroscience, Erasmus MCVogeltrekstation - Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography, NIOO-KNAWLaboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and ResearchInstitute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden UniversityVogeltrekstation - Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography, NIOO-KNAWVogeltrekstation - Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography, NIOO-KNAWCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Viroscience, Erasmus MCViroscience, Erasmus MCViroscience, Erasmus MCViroscience, Erasmus MCViroscience, Erasmus MCViroscience, Erasmus MCCentre for Monitoring of Vectors (CMV), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA)Viroscience, Erasmus MCCentre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)Dutch Wildlife Health Centre (DWHC), Utrecht UniveristyLaboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and ResearchInstitute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden UniversityViroscience, Erasmus MCCentre for Monitoring of Vectors (CMV), Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority (NVWA)Dutch Wildlife Health Centre (DWHC), Utrecht UniveristyVogeltrekstation - Dutch Centre for Avian Migration and Demography, NIOO-KNAWViroscience, Erasmus MCViroscience, Erasmus MCViroscience, Erasmus MCAbstract Mosquito-borne arboviruses, including Usutu virus (USUV) and West Nile virus (WNV), are emerging threats in Europe, with changes in climate, land use shifts, and increasing global connectivity influencing their dynamics. Understanding how these viruses emerge and establish in new regions is critical for mitigating risks and improving public and wildlife health preparedness. Here, we present a seven-year study (2016–2022, inclusive) documenting the emergence and spread of USUV and WNV in the Netherlands. We established a nationwide sampling framework integrating live birds sampling by volunteer ringers, dead birds referrals by citizen scientists and zoos, and mosquito trapping. Samples were analyzed using molecular, genomic, and serological methods. USUV was first detected in the Netherlands in 2016, caused major outbreaks in birds until 2018 and resurged in 2022. The dominant, enzootic lineage, Africa 3, co-circulated with sporadic introductions of lineage Europe 3. The first localized WNV lineage 2 outbreak occurred in live birds and mosquitoes in 2020, followed by a detection in a bird in 2022 and serological evidence of continued circulation, suggesting WNV is in an early stage of establishment. Our findings were crucial in detecting a human WNV outbreak, underscoring the value of integrated wildlife studies in detecting emerging threats to public health.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63122-w
spellingShingle Emmanuelle Münger
Nnomzie C. Atama
Jurrian van Irsel
Rody Blom
Louie Krol
Tjomme van Mastrigt
Tijs J. van den Berg
Marieta Braks
Ankje de Vries
Anne van der Linden
Irina Chestakova
Marjan Boter
Felicity D. Chandler
Robert Kohl
David F. Nieuwenhuijse
Mathilde Uiterwijk
Ron A. M. Fouchier
Hein Sprong
Andrea Gröne
Constantianus J. M. Koenraadt
Maarten Schrama
Chantal B. E. M. Reusken
Arjan Stroo
Judith M. A. van den Brand
Henk P. van der Jeugd
Bas B. Oude Munnink
Reina S. Sikkema
Marion P. G. Koopmans
One Health approach uncovers emergence and dynamics of Usutu and West Nile viruses in the Netherlands
Nature Communications
title One Health approach uncovers emergence and dynamics of Usutu and West Nile viruses in the Netherlands
title_full One Health approach uncovers emergence and dynamics of Usutu and West Nile viruses in the Netherlands
title_fullStr One Health approach uncovers emergence and dynamics of Usutu and West Nile viruses in the Netherlands
title_full_unstemmed One Health approach uncovers emergence and dynamics of Usutu and West Nile viruses in the Netherlands
title_short One Health approach uncovers emergence and dynamics of Usutu and West Nile viruses in the Netherlands
title_sort one health approach uncovers emergence and dynamics of usutu and west nile viruses in the netherlands
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63122-w
work_keys_str_mv AT emmanuellemunger onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT nnomziecatama onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT jurrianvanirsel onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT rodyblom onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT louiekrol onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT tjommevanmastrigt onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT tijsjvandenberg onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT marietabraks onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT ankjedevries onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT annevanderlinden onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT irinachestakova onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT marjanboter onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT felicitydchandler onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT robertkohl onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT davidfnieuwenhuijse onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT mathildeuiterwijk onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT ronamfouchier onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT heinsprong onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT andreagrone onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT constantianusjmkoenraadt onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT maartenschrama onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT chantalbemreusken onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT arjanstroo onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT judithmavandenbrand onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT henkpvanderjeugd onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT basboudemunnink onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT reinassikkema onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands
AT marionpgkoopmans onehealthapproachuncoversemergenceanddynamicsofusutuandwestnilevirusesinthenetherlands