Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation boosts accuracy during perceptual decision-making
Background: The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system is a well-established regulator of behavior, yet its precise role remains unclear. Animal studies predominantly support a “gain” hypothesis, suggesting that the LC-NE system enhances sensory processing. In contrast, human studies have pro...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Brain Stimulation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X25001019 |
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| Summary: | Background: The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system is a well-established regulator of behavior, yet its precise role remains unclear. Animal studies predominantly support a “gain” hypothesis, suggesting that the LC-NE system enhances sensory processing. In contrast, human studies have proposed an alternative “urgency” hypothesis, postulating that LC-NE primarily accelerates responses. Method: To address this discrepancy, we administered transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) in two experiments. In the first experiment (n = 22), we showed that 4-s tVNS trains reliably induced greater pupil dilation compared to SHAM condition, indicating increased LC-NE activity. In the second experiment (n = 21), we applied tVNS during a random dot motion task to assess its impact on perceptual decision-making. Result: tVNS improved accuracy without affecting reaction times, which appears inconsistent with the “urgency” hypothesis. Exploratory drift-diffusion model analyses further support the “gain” hypothesis, revealing that tVNS increased the drift rate, indicative of enhanced evidence accumulation. Both accuracy and drift-rate improvements were most prominent following errors and especially pronounced in participants who exhibited post-error declines in these measures under SHAM. Conclusion: Our findings align with the “gain” hypothesis, with tentative evidence suggesting that the impact of LC-NE activity adapts to task demands. Accordingly, tVNS showed the strongest effects in contexts prone to accuracy declines, possibly reflecting attentional disengagement, which points to a role of LC in mitigating lapses of attention. |
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| ISSN: | 1935-861X |