The Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential Applications of Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery

Nano-drug delivery systems provide targeted solutions for addressing various drug delivery challenges, leveraging nanotechnology to enhance drug solubility and permeability. Liposomes, explored for several decades, face hurdles, especially in oral delivery. Bile-acid stabilized vesicles (bilosomes)...

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Main Authors: Darko Mitrović, Dragana Zaklan, Maja Đanić, Bojan Stanimirov, Karmen Stankov, Hani Al-Salami, Nebojša Pavlović
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1181
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author Darko Mitrović
Dragana Zaklan
Maja Đanić
Bojan Stanimirov
Karmen Stankov
Hani Al-Salami
Nebojša Pavlović
author_facet Darko Mitrović
Dragana Zaklan
Maja Đanić
Bojan Stanimirov
Karmen Stankov
Hani Al-Salami
Nebojša Pavlović
author_sort Darko Mitrović
collection DOAJ
description Nano-drug delivery systems provide targeted solutions for addressing various drug delivery challenges, leveraging nanotechnology to enhance drug solubility and permeability. Liposomes, explored for several decades, face hurdles, especially in oral delivery. Bile-acid stabilized vesicles (bilosomes) are flexible lipid vesicles, composed of phospholipids or other surfactants, along with amphiphilic bile salts, and they show superior stability and pharmacokinetic behavior in comparison to conventional vesicular systems (liposomes and niosomes). Bilosomes enhance skin penetration, fluidize the stratum corneum, and improve drug stability. In oral applications, bilosomes overcome drawbacks, offering improved bioavailability, controlled release, and reduced side effects. Vaccines using bilosomes demonstrate efficacy, and bilosomes for intranasal, inhalation, ocular, and buccal applications enhance drug delivery, offering targeted, efficient, and controlled activities. Formulations vary based on active substances and optimization techniques, showcasing the versatility and potential of bilosomes across diverse drug delivery routes. Therefore, the aim of this comprehensive review was to critically explore the state-of-the-art of bilosomes in drug delivery and potential therapeutic applications.
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series Molecules
spelling doaj-art-822e9fe7f3b84430a6bd6b82ebeff15a2025-08-20T02:59:00ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-03-01305118110.3390/molecules30051181The Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential Applications of Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for Drug DeliveryDarko Mitrović0Dragana Zaklan1Maja Đanić2Bojan Stanimirov3Karmen Stankov4Hani Al-Salami5Nebojša Pavlović6Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaThe Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, AustraliaDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaNano-drug delivery systems provide targeted solutions for addressing various drug delivery challenges, leveraging nanotechnology to enhance drug solubility and permeability. Liposomes, explored for several decades, face hurdles, especially in oral delivery. Bile-acid stabilized vesicles (bilosomes) are flexible lipid vesicles, composed of phospholipids or other surfactants, along with amphiphilic bile salts, and they show superior stability and pharmacokinetic behavior in comparison to conventional vesicular systems (liposomes and niosomes). Bilosomes enhance skin penetration, fluidize the stratum corneum, and improve drug stability. In oral applications, bilosomes overcome drawbacks, offering improved bioavailability, controlled release, and reduced side effects. Vaccines using bilosomes demonstrate efficacy, and bilosomes for intranasal, inhalation, ocular, and buccal applications enhance drug delivery, offering targeted, efficient, and controlled activities. Formulations vary based on active substances and optimization techniques, showcasing the versatility and potential of bilosomes across diverse drug delivery routes. Therefore, the aim of this comprehensive review was to critically explore the state-of-the-art of bilosomes in drug delivery and potential therapeutic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1181bilosomeslipid vesiclesbioavailabilitynanotechnologyliposomesbile acids
spellingShingle Darko Mitrović
Dragana Zaklan
Maja Đanić
Bojan Stanimirov
Karmen Stankov
Hani Al-Salami
Nebojša Pavlović
The Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential Applications of Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
Molecules
bilosomes
lipid vesicles
bioavailability
nanotechnology
liposomes
bile acids
title The Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential Applications of Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
title_full The Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential Applications of Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
title_fullStr The Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential Applications of Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
title_full_unstemmed The Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential Applications of Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
title_short The Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Potential Applications of Bilosomes as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
title_sort pharmaceutical and pharmacological potential applications of bilosomes as nanocarriers for drug delivery
topic bilosomes
lipid vesicles
bioavailability
nanotechnology
liposomes
bile acids
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1181
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