Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine

<b>Background</b>: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by variable bronchial obstruction, hyper-responsiveness, and inflammation. Evaluating the immunological changes following pneumococcal immunization in patients with different asthma endotypes is of great importance. This...

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Main Authors: Anton M. Kostinov, Anna Yu. Konishcheva, Andrey D. Protasov, Mikhail P. Kostinov, Valentina B. Polishchuk, Alexander V. Zhestkov, Natalia E. Yastrebova, Aristitsa M. Kostinova, Zhanar Sh. Musagulova, Ekaterina V. Prutskova
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Vaccines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/459
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author Anton M. Kostinov
Anna Yu. Konishcheva
Andrey D. Protasov
Mikhail P. Kostinov
Valentina B. Polishchuk
Alexander V. Zhestkov
Natalia E. Yastrebova
Aristitsa M. Kostinova
Zhanar Sh. Musagulova
Ekaterina V. Prutskova
author_facet Anton M. Kostinov
Anna Yu. Konishcheva
Andrey D. Protasov
Mikhail P. Kostinov
Valentina B. Polishchuk
Alexander V. Zhestkov
Natalia E. Yastrebova
Aristitsa M. Kostinova
Zhanar Sh. Musagulova
Ekaterina V. Prutskova
author_sort Anton M. Kostinov
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background</b>: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by variable bronchial obstruction, hyper-responsiveness, and inflammation. Evaluating the immunological changes following pneumococcal immunization in patients with different asthma endotypes is of great importance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PCV13 on the clinical parameters and the changes over time in the levels of the main cytokines in asthma patients. <b>Methods</b>: This was a single-center, open-label, non-randomized, prospective, cohort, controlled study of 31 patients aged 18 to 80 with a known diagnosis of asthma. The study subjects were given one injection of PCV13. Their clinical parameters and serum concentrations of certain Th1/Th2/Treg cytokines were assessed over a year following the vaccination. <b>Results</b>: Compared to the pre-vaccination period, there was an 81.5% reduction in the number of patients with asthma exacerbations (<i>p</i> < 0.001), a 76.5% increase in the number of patients free from hospitalization (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and an improvement in the level of asthma control. Positive changes were observed both in patients with T2-high and T2-low asthma; however, only those with T2-low asthma showed a significant improvement in the level of asthma control. Significant changes were reported for IFN-γ: its serum concentrations increased six weeks following the vaccination (<i>p</i> < 0.05), primarily in patients with T2-high asthma. <b>Conclusions</b>: In asthma patients, immunization with PCV13 was clinically effective, irrespective of the asthma endotype. Its clinical effects were accompanied by a reduction in the rates of exacerbations and hospitalizations and an increase in IFN-γ serum levels. This finding suggests that this cytokine plays an important role in restoring immune response in asthma patients.
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spelling doaj-art-822e9a693866479fbb5c1fdc25c48e3a2025-08-20T02:34:02ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2025-04-0113545910.3390/vaccines13050459Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal VaccineAnton M. Kostinov0Anna Yu. Konishcheva1Andrey D. Protasov2Mikhail P. Kostinov3Valentina B. Polishchuk4Alexander V. Zhestkov5Natalia E. Yastrebova6Aristitsa M. Kostinova7Zhanar Sh. Musagulova8Ekaterina V. Prutskova9Allergy Diagnostics Laboratory, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera», 105064 Moscow, RussiaAllergy Diagnostics Laboratory, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera», 105064 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Allergology, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Samara State Medical University», 443099 Samara, RussiaLaboratory of Vaccine Prevention and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera», 105064 Moscow, RussiaLaboratory of Vaccine Prevention and Immunotherapy of Allergic Diseases, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera», 105064 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Medical University «Reaviz», 443030 Samara, RussiaLaboratory of Immunochemical Diagnostics, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera», 105064 Moscow, RussiaDepartment of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, RussiaAlmaty City Health Department, State Municipal Enterprise Under the Right of Economic Management «Children’s City Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital», Almaty 050026, KazakhstanDepartment of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Ecology and Physical Education, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Ulyanovsk State University», 432007 Ulyanovsk, Russia<b>Background</b>: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by variable bronchial obstruction, hyper-responsiveness, and inflammation. Evaluating the immunological changes following pneumococcal immunization in patients with different asthma endotypes is of great importance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PCV13 on the clinical parameters and the changes over time in the levels of the main cytokines in asthma patients. <b>Methods</b>: This was a single-center, open-label, non-randomized, prospective, cohort, controlled study of 31 patients aged 18 to 80 with a known diagnosis of asthma. The study subjects were given one injection of PCV13. Their clinical parameters and serum concentrations of certain Th1/Th2/Treg cytokines were assessed over a year following the vaccination. <b>Results</b>: Compared to the pre-vaccination period, there was an 81.5% reduction in the number of patients with asthma exacerbations (<i>p</i> < 0.001), a 76.5% increase in the number of patients free from hospitalization (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and an improvement in the level of asthma control. Positive changes were observed both in patients with T2-high and T2-low asthma; however, only those with T2-low asthma showed a significant improvement in the level of asthma control. Significant changes were reported for IFN-γ: its serum concentrations increased six weeks following the vaccination (<i>p</i> < 0.05), primarily in patients with T2-high asthma. <b>Conclusions</b>: In asthma patients, immunization with PCV13 was clinically effective, irrespective of the asthma endotype. Its clinical effects were accompanied by a reduction in the rates of exacerbations and hospitalizations and an increase in IFN-γ serum levels. This finding suggests that this cytokine plays an important role in restoring immune response in asthma patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/459asthmapneumococcal vaccineIFN-γcytokinesasthma endotypesatopy
spellingShingle Anton M. Kostinov
Anna Yu. Konishcheva
Andrey D. Protasov
Mikhail P. Kostinov
Valentina B. Polishchuk
Alexander V. Zhestkov
Natalia E. Yastrebova
Aristitsa M. Kostinova
Zhanar Sh. Musagulova
Ekaterina V. Prutskova
Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine
Vaccines
asthma
pneumococcal vaccine
IFN-γ
cytokines
asthma endotypes
atopy
title Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine
title_full Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine
title_fullStr Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine
title_full_unstemmed Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine
title_short Specific Features of Immune Response in Patients with Different Asthma Endotypes Following Immunization with a Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine
title_sort specific features of immune response in patients with different asthma endotypes following immunization with a conjugate pneumococcal vaccine
topic asthma
pneumococcal vaccine
IFN-γ
cytokines
asthma endotypes
atopy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/5/459
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