Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) Ameliorates the Effects of Indomethacin (IMC)-Induced Embryo Implantation Dysfunction in Rats

IMC has been reported to influence embryo implantation negatively in animals including rats. While EBN has been known to have a potential protective effect against reproductive toxicity, there is limited study on the effect of EBN on IMC toxicity in reproduction. This study aimed to ascertain whethe...

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Main Authors: Maria Amir, Nurhusien Yimer, Mark Hiew, Md Sabri Mohd Yusoff, Sadiq Mohammed Babatunde, Abdul Quddus
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/2/159
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author Maria Amir
Nurhusien Yimer
Mark Hiew
Md Sabri Mohd Yusoff
Sadiq Mohammed Babatunde
Abdul Quddus
author_facet Maria Amir
Nurhusien Yimer
Mark Hiew
Md Sabri Mohd Yusoff
Sadiq Mohammed Babatunde
Abdul Quddus
author_sort Maria Amir
collection DOAJ
description IMC has been reported to influence embryo implantation negatively in animals including rats. While EBN has been known to have a potential protective effect against reproductive toxicity, there is limited study on the effect of EBN on IMC toxicity in reproduction. This study aimed to ascertain whether pretreatment with a natural substance, Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN), will reduce IMC-induced toxicity in pregnant rats. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats divided into five equal groups were treated with EBN and IMC as follows: G1 = Control, G2 = IMC (4.33 mg/kg), G3 = IMC + EBN (4.33 mg/kg + 60 mg/kg), G4 = IMC + EBN (4.33 mg/kg + 90 mg/kg), and G5 = IMC + EBN (4.33 mg/kg +120 mg/kg). EBN was administered once daily for 8 weeks while IMC was injected subcutaneously. On day 8 after mating, all rats were sacrificed for blood sampling and embryo implantation rate (EIR) assessment; the uterine tissues were also subjected to immunohistochemical and histological analyses. G5 recorded significantly higher EIR, fertility index, and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the uterine section, across stroma cells, the glandular epithelium, and the luminal epithelium compared to control and other groups. IMC-induced inflammatory alterations, endometrial atrophy, vacuolar degeneration, and atrophy were not detected in uterine tissue sections in G4 and G5, with the latter group demonstrating the highest EIR with protective effects on uterine tissues. Thus, EBN supplementation might be of great benefit in guarding the fertility of individuals who depend on IMC for the treatment of chronic inflammatory illness.
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spelling doaj-art-822be2d7e24f4ff4ba26fd008bfe3c962025-08-20T02:44:52ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-02-0114215910.3390/biology14020159Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) Ameliorates the Effects of Indomethacin (IMC)-Induced Embryo Implantation Dysfunction in RatsMaria Amir0Nurhusien Yimer1Mark Hiew2Md Sabri Mohd Yusoff3Sadiq Mohammed Babatunde4Abdul Quddus5Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaFaculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Science, Uthal 90150, Balochistan, PakistanIMC has been reported to influence embryo implantation negatively in animals including rats. While EBN has been known to have a potential protective effect against reproductive toxicity, there is limited study on the effect of EBN on IMC toxicity in reproduction. This study aimed to ascertain whether pretreatment with a natural substance, Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN), will reduce IMC-induced toxicity in pregnant rats. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats divided into five equal groups were treated with EBN and IMC as follows: G1 = Control, G2 = IMC (4.33 mg/kg), G3 = IMC + EBN (4.33 mg/kg + 60 mg/kg), G4 = IMC + EBN (4.33 mg/kg + 90 mg/kg), and G5 = IMC + EBN (4.33 mg/kg +120 mg/kg). EBN was administered once daily for 8 weeks while IMC was injected subcutaneously. On day 8 after mating, all rats were sacrificed for blood sampling and embryo implantation rate (EIR) assessment; the uterine tissues were also subjected to immunohistochemical and histological analyses. G5 recorded significantly higher EIR, fertility index, and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the uterine section, across stroma cells, the glandular epithelium, and the luminal epithelium compared to control and other groups. IMC-induced inflammatory alterations, endometrial atrophy, vacuolar degeneration, and atrophy were not detected in uterine tissue sections in G4 and G5, with the latter group demonstrating the highest EIR with protective effects on uterine tissues. Thus, EBN supplementation might be of great benefit in guarding the fertility of individuals who depend on IMC for the treatment of chronic inflammatory illness.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/2/159Edible Bird’s Nestembryo implantation ratefertilityindomethacinuterine tissueuterine toxicity
spellingShingle Maria Amir
Nurhusien Yimer
Mark Hiew
Md Sabri Mohd Yusoff
Sadiq Mohammed Babatunde
Abdul Quddus
Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) Ameliorates the Effects of Indomethacin (IMC)-Induced Embryo Implantation Dysfunction in Rats
Biology
Edible Bird’s Nest
embryo implantation rate
fertility
indomethacin
uterine tissue
uterine toxicity
title Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) Ameliorates the Effects of Indomethacin (IMC)-Induced Embryo Implantation Dysfunction in Rats
title_full Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) Ameliorates the Effects of Indomethacin (IMC)-Induced Embryo Implantation Dysfunction in Rats
title_fullStr Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) Ameliorates the Effects of Indomethacin (IMC)-Induced Embryo Implantation Dysfunction in Rats
title_full_unstemmed Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) Ameliorates the Effects of Indomethacin (IMC)-Induced Embryo Implantation Dysfunction in Rats
title_short Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) Ameliorates the Effects of Indomethacin (IMC)-Induced Embryo Implantation Dysfunction in Rats
title_sort edible bird s nest ebn ameliorates the effects of indomethacin imc induced embryo implantation dysfunction in rats
topic Edible Bird’s Nest
embryo implantation rate
fertility
indomethacin
uterine tissue
uterine toxicity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/2/159
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