Water in Protoplanetary Disks with JWST-MIRI: Spectral Excitation Atlas and Radial Distribution from Temperature Diagnostic Diagrams and Doppler Mapping
This work aims at providing fundamental general tools for the analysis of water spectra as observed in protoplanetary disks with JWST-MIRI. We analyze 25 high-quality spectra from the JDISC Survey reduced with asteroid calibrators as presented in K. M. Pontoppidan et al. (2024). First, we present a...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Andrea Banzatti Colette Salyk Klaus M. Pontoppidan John S. Carr Ke Zhang Nicole Arulanantham Sebastiaan Krijt Karin I. Öberg L. Ilsedore Cleeves Joan R. Najita Ilaria Pascucci Geoffrey A. Blake Carlos E. Romero-Mirza Edwin A. Bergin Lucas A. Cieza Paola Pinilla Feng Long Patrick Mallaney Chengyan Xie Abygail R. Waggoner Till Kaeufer the JDISCS collaboration |
| author_facet | Andrea Banzatti Colette Salyk Klaus M. Pontoppidan John S. Carr Ke Zhang Nicole Arulanantham Sebastiaan Krijt Karin I. Öberg L. Ilsedore Cleeves Joan R. Najita Ilaria Pascucci Geoffrey A. Blake Carlos E. Romero-Mirza Edwin A. Bergin Lucas A. Cieza Paola Pinilla Feng Long Patrick Mallaney Chengyan Xie Abygail R. Waggoner Till Kaeufer the JDISCS collaboration |
| author_sort | Andrea Banzatti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work aims at providing fundamental general tools for the analysis of water spectra as observed in protoplanetary disks with JWST-MIRI. We analyze 25 high-quality spectra from the JDISC Survey reduced with asteroid calibrators as presented in K. M. Pontoppidan et al. (2024). First, we present a spectral atlas to illustrate the clustering of H _2 O transitions from different upper-level energies ( E _u ) and identify single (unblended) transitions that provide the most reliable measurements. With that, we demonstrate two important excitation effects: the opacity saturation of ortho-para line pairs that overlap, and the subthermal excitation of excitation of v = 1–1 lines scattered across the v = 0–0 rotational band. Second, we define a shorter list of fundamental lines spanning E _u = 1500–6000 K to develop simple line-ratio diagnostic diagrams for the radial temperature distribution of water in inner disks, which are interpreted using discrete temperature components and power-law radial gradients. Third, we report the detection of disk-rotation Doppler broadening of molecular lines, which confirms the radial distribution of water emission including, for the first time, the radially extended ≈170–220 K reservoir close to the snowline. The combination of measured line ratios and broadening suggests that drift-dominated disks have shallower temperature gradients with an extended cooler disk surface enriched by ice sublimation. We also report the first detection of an H _2 O-rich inner disk wind from narrow blueshifted absorption in the ro-vibrational lines. We summarize these findings and tools into a general recipe to make the study of water in planet-forming regions reliable, effective, and sustainable for samples of >100 disks. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1538-3881 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astronomical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-822a8bfeff3f45bc84e08c8c01e2aba72025-08-20T03:15:17ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812025-01-01169316510.3847/1538-3881/ada962Water in Protoplanetary Disks with JWST-MIRI: Spectral Excitation Atlas and Radial Distribution from Temperature Diagnostic Diagrams and Doppler MappingAndrea Banzatti0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4335-0900Colette Salyk1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3682-6632Klaus M. Pontoppidan2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7552-1562John S. Carr3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6695-3977Ke Zhang4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0661-7517Nicole Arulanantham5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-5265Sebastiaan Krijt6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-6887Karin I. Öberg7https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8798-1347L. Ilsedore Cleeves8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2076-8001Joan R. Najita9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5758-150XIlaria Pascucci10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7962-1683Geoffrey A. Blake11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0787-1610Carlos E. Romero-Mirza12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7152-9794Edwin A. Bergin13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4179-6394Lucas A. Cieza14https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2828-1153Paola Pinilla15https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-1780Feng Long16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7607-719XPatrick Mallaney17Chengyan Xie18https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8184-5547Abygail R. Waggoner19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-389XTill Kaeufer20https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8240-978Xthe JDISCS collaborationDepartment of Physics, Texas State University , 749 N Comanche Street, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA ; banzatti@txstate.eduDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Vassar College , 124 Raymond Avenue, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USAJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, MD 20742, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USASchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UKCenter for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USAAstronomy Department, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, VA 22904, USANSF’s NOIRLab , 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USADepartment of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona , 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADivision of Geological & Planetary Sciences, MC 150-21, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USACenter for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USANúcleo de Astronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Diego Portales , Av Ejército 441, Santiago, ChileMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UKDepartment of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona , 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Physics, Texas State University , 749 N Comanche Street, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA ; banzatti@txstate.eduDepartment of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona , 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53706, USASchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter , Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UKThis work aims at providing fundamental general tools for the analysis of water spectra as observed in protoplanetary disks with JWST-MIRI. We analyze 25 high-quality spectra from the JDISC Survey reduced with asteroid calibrators as presented in K. M. Pontoppidan et al. (2024). First, we present a spectral atlas to illustrate the clustering of H _2 O transitions from different upper-level energies ( E _u ) and identify single (unblended) transitions that provide the most reliable measurements. With that, we demonstrate two important excitation effects: the opacity saturation of ortho-para line pairs that overlap, and the subthermal excitation of excitation of v = 1–1 lines scattered across the v = 0–0 rotational band. Second, we define a shorter list of fundamental lines spanning E _u = 1500–6000 K to develop simple line-ratio diagnostic diagrams for the radial temperature distribution of water in inner disks, which are interpreted using discrete temperature components and power-law radial gradients. Third, we report the detection of disk-rotation Doppler broadening of molecular lines, which confirms the radial distribution of water emission including, for the first time, the radially extended ≈170–220 K reservoir close to the snowline. The combination of measured line ratios and broadening suggests that drift-dominated disks have shallower temperature gradients with an extended cooler disk surface enriched by ice sublimation. We also report the first detection of an H _2 O-rich inner disk wind from narrow blueshifted absorption in the ro-vibrational lines. We summarize these findings and tools into a general recipe to make the study of water in planet-forming regions reliable, effective, and sustainable for samples of >100 disks.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ada962Protoplanetary disksExoplanet formationMolecular spectroscopyYoung stellar objectsClassical T Tauri starsInfrared spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Banzatti Colette Salyk Klaus M. Pontoppidan John S. Carr Ke Zhang Nicole Arulanantham Sebastiaan Krijt Karin I. Öberg L. Ilsedore Cleeves Joan R. Najita Ilaria Pascucci Geoffrey A. Blake Carlos E. Romero-Mirza Edwin A. Bergin Lucas A. Cieza Paola Pinilla Feng Long Patrick Mallaney Chengyan Xie Abygail R. Waggoner Till Kaeufer the JDISCS collaboration Water in Protoplanetary Disks with JWST-MIRI: Spectral Excitation Atlas and Radial Distribution from Temperature Diagnostic Diagrams and Doppler Mapping The Astronomical Journal Protoplanetary disks Exoplanet formation Molecular spectroscopy Young stellar objects Classical T Tauri stars Infrared spectroscopy |
| title | Water in Protoplanetary Disks with JWST-MIRI: Spectral Excitation Atlas and Radial Distribution from Temperature Diagnostic Diagrams and Doppler Mapping |
| title_full | Water in Protoplanetary Disks with JWST-MIRI: Spectral Excitation Atlas and Radial Distribution from Temperature Diagnostic Diagrams and Doppler Mapping |
| title_fullStr | Water in Protoplanetary Disks with JWST-MIRI: Spectral Excitation Atlas and Radial Distribution from Temperature Diagnostic Diagrams and Doppler Mapping |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water in Protoplanetary Disks with JWST-MIRI: Spectral Excitation Atlas and Radial Distribution from Temperature Diagnostic Diagrams and Doppler Mapping |
| title_short | Water in Protoplanetary Disks with JWST-MIRI: Spectral Excitation Atlas and Radial Distribution from Temperature Diagnostic Diagrams and Doppler Mapping |
| title_sort | water in protoplanetary disks with jwst miri spectral excitation atlas and radial distribution from temperature diagnostic diagrams and doppler mapping |
| topic | Protoplanetary disks Exoplanet formation Molecular spectroscopy Young stellar objects Classical T Tauri stars Infrared spectroscopy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ada962 |
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