Antibiotic Abuse in Ornamental Fish: An Overlooked Reservoir for Antibiotic Resistance

Ornamental fish represent a significant aquaculture sector with notable economic value, yet their contribution to antibiotic residues and resistance remains underrecognized. This review synthesizes evidence on widespread and often unregulated antibiotic use—including tetracyclines and fluoroquinolon...

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Main Authors: Chun Au-Yeung, Yat-Lai Tsui, Man-Hay Choi, Ka-Wai Chan, Sze-Nga Wong, Yuk-Ki Ling, Cheuk-Ming Lam, Kit-Ling Lam, Wing-Yin Mo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/937
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author Chun Au-Yeung
Yat-Lai Tsui
Man-Hay Choi
Ka-Wai Chan
Sze-Nga Wong
Yuk-Ki Ling
Cheuk-Ming Lam
Kit-Ling Lam
Wing-Yin Mo
author_facet Chun Au-Yeung
Yat-Lai Tsui
Man-Hay Choi
Ka-Wai Chan
Sze-Nga Wong
Yuk-Ki Ling
Cheuk-Ming Lam
Kit-Ling Lam
Wing-Yin Mo
author_sort Chun Au-Yeung
collection DOAJ
description Ornamental fish represent a significant aquaculture sector with notable economic value, yet their contribution to antibiotic residues and resistance remains underrecognized. This review synthesizes evidence on widespread and often unregulated antibiotic use—including tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones—in ornamental fish production, transportation, and retail, primarily targeting bacterial diseases such as aeromonosis and vibriosis. Pathogenic microorganisms including <i>Edwardsiella</i>, <i>Flavobacterium</i>, and <i>Shewanella</i> spp. cause diseases like hemorrhagic septicemia, fin rot, skin ulcers, and exophthalmia, impairing fish health and marketability. Prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic applications elevate antibiotic residues in fish tissues and carriage water, thereby selecting for antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). These resistant elements pose significant risks to fish health, human exposure via direct contact and bioaerosols, and environmental health through contamination pathways. We emphasize the urgent need for a holistic One Health approach, involving enhanced surveillance, stringent regulatory oversight, and adoption of alternative antimicrobial strategies, such as probiotics and advanced water treatments. Coordinated global actions are crucial to effectively mitigate antibiotic resistance within the ornamental fish industry, ensuring sustainable production, safeguarding public health, and protecting environmental integrity.
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issn 2076-2607
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spelling doaj-art-82013c782fe4458c97d322e9dd15109f2025-08-20T02:18:10ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-04-0113493710.3390/microorganisms13040937Antibiotic Abuse in Ornamental Fish: An Overlooked Reservoir for Antibiotic ResistanceChun Au-Yeung0Yat-Lai Tsui1Man-Hay Choi2Ka-Wai Chan3Sze-Nga Wong4Yuk-Ki Ling5Cheuk-Ming Lam6Kit-Ling Lam7Wing-Yin Mo8Department of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong KongDepartment of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong KongDepartment of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong KongDepartment of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong KongDepartment of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong KongDepartment of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong KongDepartment of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong KongDepartment of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong KongDepartment of Applied Science, School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong KongOrnamental fish represent a significant aquaculture sector with notable economic value, yet their contribution to antibiotic residues and resistance remains underrecognized. This review synthesizes evidence on widespread and often unregulated antibiotic use—including tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones—in ornamental fish production, transportation, and retail, primarily targeting bacterial diseases such as aeromonosis and vibriosis. Pathogenic microorganisms including <i>Edwardsiella</i>, <i>Flavobacterium</i>, and <i>Shewanella</i> spp. cause diseases like hemorrhagic septicemia, fin rot, skin ulcers, and exophthalmia, impairing fish health and marketability. Prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotic applications elevate antibiotic residues in fish tissues and carriage water, thereby selecting for antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). These resistant elements pose significant risks to fish health, human exposure via direct contact and bioaerosols, and environmental health through contamination pathways. We emphasize the urgent need for a holistic One Health approach, involving enhanced surveillance, stringent regulatory oversight, and adoption of alternative antimicrobial strategies, such as probiotics and advanced water treatments. Coordinated global actions are crucial to effectively mitigate antibiotic resistance within the ornamental fish industry, ensuring sustainable production, safeguarding public health, and protecting environmental integrity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/937antibioticsantibiotic resistancezoonotic pathogensOne Healthgood aquaculture practices
spellingShingle Chun Au-Yeung
Yat-Lai Tsui
Man-Hay Choi
Ka-Wai Chan
Sze-Nga Wong
Yuk-Ki Ling
Cheuk-Ming Lam
Kit-Ling Lam
Wing-Yin Mo
Antibiotic Abuse in Ornamental Fish: An Overlooked Reservoir for Antibiotic Resistance
Microorganisms
antibiotics
antibiotic resistance
zoonotic pathogens
One Health
good aquaculture practices
title Antibiotic Abuse in Ornamental Fish: An Overlooked Reservoir for Antibiotic Resistance
title_full Antibiotic Abuse in Ornamental Fish: An Overlooked Reservoir for Antibiotic Resistance
title_fullStr Antibiotic Abuse in Ornamental Fish: An Overlooked Reservoir for Antibiotic Resistance
title_full_unstemmed Antibiotic Abuse in Ornamental Fish: An Overlooked Reservoir for Antibiotic Resistance
title_short Antibiotic Abuse in Ornamental Fish: An Overlooked Reservoir for Antibiotic Resistance
title_sort antibiotic abuse in ornamental fish an overlooked reservoir for antibiotic resistance
topic antibiotics
antibiotic resistance
zoonotic pathogens
One Health
good aquaculture practices
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/937
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