Blocking Tim-3 enhances CD8+ T cell activity to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence post-radiofrequency ablation

Background Incomplete radiofrequency ablation (iRFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may result in rapid progression of residual tumors and resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. Research has demonstrated elevated T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) exp...

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Main Authors: Na Wu, Xinru Pei, Weiguo Cai, Xiaodie Ye, Wei Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:International Journal of Hyperthermia
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02656736.2025.2516502
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author Na Wu
Xinru Pei
Weiguo Cai
Xiaodie Ye
Wei Lu
author_facet Na Wu
Xinru Pei
Weiguo Cai
Xiaodie Ye
Wei Lu
author_sort Na Wu
collection DOAJ
description Background Incomplete radiofrequency ablation (iRFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may result in rapid progression of residual tumors and resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. Research has demonstrated elevated T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) expression in CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with HCC after RFA, leading to a diminished anti-tumor immune response. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of anti-Tim-3 therapy in treating residual tumors after iRFA and explored the underlying mechanisms.Methods To examine the expression of Tim-3 in the residual tumors after iRFA for HCC in mice. Treat residual tumors with anti-αTim-3 and evaluate its efficacy. Transcriptomic sequencing was conducted on the residual tumors to explore the underlying mechanisms. Meanwhile, residual tumors were treated with a combination of anti-αTim-3 and anti-αPD-1 to evaluate efficacy.Results This study demonstrated elevated Tim-3 expression in CD8+ T cells within residual tumors after iRFA. CD8+ T cells exhibit attenuated anti-tumor immune responses associated with accelerated tumor progression. Treatment with anti-αTim-3 impeded the advancement of residual tumors by enhancing CD8+ T cell infiltration and stimulating their anti-tumor activities. Furthermore, anti-αTim-3 therapy upregulated PD-1 expression in residual tumors. Combination therapy involving anti-αTim-3 and anti-αPD-1 elicited a robust anti-tumor immune response.Conclusions Tim-3 expression is elevated in CD8+ T cells within residual tumors after iRFA, which contributed to their accelerated advancement. Anti-αTim-3 slows tumor progression by boosting CD8+ T cell anti-tumor activity and enhancing response to anti-αPD-1 treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-81eb867cb5a2419fa19abd8d50297bc82025-08-20T03:20:37ZengTaylor & Francis GroupInternational Journal of Hyperthermia0265-67361464-51572025-12-0142110.1080/02656736.2025.2516502Blocking Tim-3 enhances CD8+ T cell activity to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence post-radiofrequency ablationNa Wu0Xinru Pei1Weiguo Cai2Xiaodie Ye3Wei Lu4Interventional Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaInterventional Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaInterventional Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaDepartment of Radiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaInterventional Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, ChinaBackground Incomplete radiofrequency ablation (iRFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may result in rapid progression of residual tumors and resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. Research has demonstrated elevated T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (Tim-3) expression in CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with HCC after RFA, leading to a diminished anti-tumor immune response. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of anti-Tim-3 therapy in treating residual tumors after iRFA and explored the underlying mechanisms.Methods To examine the expression of Tim-3 in the residual tumors after iRFA for HCC in mice. Treat residual tumors with anti-αTim-3 and evaluate its efficacy. Transcriptomic sequencing was conducted on the residual tumors to explore the underlying mechanisms. Meanwhile, residual tumors were treated with a combination of anti-αTim-3 and anti-αPD-1 to evaluate efficacy.Results This study demonstrated elevated Tim-3 expression in CD8+ T cells within residual tumors after iRFA. CD8+ T cells exhibit attenuated anti-tumor immune responses associated with accelerated tumor progression. Treatment with anti-αTim-3 impeded the advancement of residual tumors by enhancing CD8+ T cell infiltration and stimulating their anti-tumor activities. Furthermore, anti-αTim-3 therapy upregulated PD-1 expression in residual tumors. Combination therapy involving anti-αTim-3 and anti-αPD-1 elicited a robust anti-tumor immune response.Conclusions Tim-3 expression is elevated in CD8+ T cells within residual tumors after iRFA, which contributed to their accelerated advancement. Anti-αTim-3 slows tumor progression by boosting CD8+ T cell anti-tumor activity and enhancing response to anti-αPD-1 treatment.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02656736.2025.2516502Incomplete radiofrequency ablationhepatocellular carcinomaTim-3PD-1immunotherapy
spellingShingle Na Wu
Xinru Pei
Weiguo Cai
Xiaodie Ye
Wei Lu
Blocking Tim-3 enhances CD8+ T cell activity to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence post-radiofrequency ablation
International Journal of Hyperthermia
Incomplete radiofrequency ablation
hepatocellular carcinoma
Tim-3
PD-1
immunotherapy
title Blocking Tim-3 enhances CD8+ T cell activity to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence post-radiofrequency ablation
title_full Blocking Tim-3 enhances CD8+ T cell activity to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence post-radiofrequency ablation
title_fullStr Blocking Tim-3 enhances CD8+ T cell activity to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence post-radiofrequency ablation
title_full_unstemmed Blocking Tim-3 enhances CD8+ T cell activity to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence post-radiofrequency ablation
title_short Blocking Tim-3 enhances CD8+ T cell activity to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence post-radiofrequency ablation
title_sort blocking tim 3 enhances cd8 t cell activity to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence post radiofrequency ablation
topic Incomplete radiofrequency ablation
hepatocellular carcinoma
Tim-3
PD-1
immunotherapy
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02656736.2025.2516502
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