Clinical outcomes of using bilateral buccinator myomucosal flaps in cleft lip and palate patient with velopharyngeal insufficiency: case report

Abstract Background Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) occurs in 5–36% of patients after primary palatorrhaphy for cleft palate, causing hypernasality and nasal emissions due to inadequate velopharyngeal closure. Although various surgical treatments are available, they may present limitations and po...

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Main Authors: Tae Hyeong Park, Jin-A Baek, Seung-O Ko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-025-00464-x
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author Tae Hyeong Park
Jin-A Baek
Seung-O Ko
author_facet Tae Hyeong Park
Jin-A Baek
Seung-O Ko
author_sort Tae Hyeong Park
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) occurs in 5–36% of patients after primary palatorrhaphy for cleft palate, causing hypernasality and nasal emissions due to inadequate velopharyngeal closure. Although various surgical treatments are available, they may present limitations and potential risks, including obstructive sleep apnea. The buccinator myomucosal flap, with a reliable blood supply, provides a versatile option for VPI correction. In addition, it is associated with a low risk of complications, further supporting its safety and applicability in clinical practice. We report successful palatal lengthening using a modified bilateral buccinator myomucosal flap with a buccal fat flap in a 14-year-old patient with persistent VPI despite prior interventions. Case presentation A 14-year-old female with a bilateral complete cleft lip and palate underwent primary cheiloplasty at 3 months and palatorrhaphy at 9 months of age. Despite 10 years of speech therapy and 4 years of speech aid use, hypernasality persisted. To address this, palatal lengthening was performed using bilateral buccinator myomucosal flaps combined with buccal fat flaps. At 1 month postoperatively, partial necrosis of the buccal fat grafts was observed but healed without further complications. At 8 months postoperatively, soft palate elongation exceeding 1 cm was achieved, and nasometric assessments demonstrated nasality reductions of 25.5 percentage points for high vowels (/i/, /wi/) and 19.5 percentage points at the sentence level. In the consonant accuracy evaluation, the patient’s word-level accuracy increased from 72.09% preoperatively to 88.37% at 6 months postoperatively. These objective improvements correlated with subjective reports of improved speech and reduced vocal effort. Conclusion As seen in this case, the combined use of buccinator myomucosal and buccal fat flaps can be a viable surgical option for addressing VPI through soft palate lengthening. This approach can lead to improvement in hypernasality with minimal complications, and its efficacy may be further supported by future long-term follow-up studies involving larger patient populations.
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spelling doaj-art-81ea003c9d244f4fafa46b3a52c890a42025-08-20T02:39:43ZengSpringerOpenMaxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery2288-85862025-06-014711610.1186/s40902-025-00464-xClinical outcomes of using bilateral buccinator myomucosal flaps in cleft lip and palate patient with velopharyngeal insufficiency: case reportTae Hyeong Park0Jin-A Baek1Seung-O Ko2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University Dental HospitalDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University Dental HospitalDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University Dental HospitalAbstract Background Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) occurs in 5–36% of patients after primary palatorrhaphy for cleft palate, causing hypernasality and nasal emissions due to inadequate velopharyngeal closure. Although various surgical treatments are available, they may present limitations and potential risks, including obstructive sleep apnea. The buccinator myomucosal flap, with a reliable blood supply, provides a versatile option for VPI correction. In addition, it is associated with a low risk of complications, further supporting its safety and applicability in clinical practice. We report successful palatal lengthening using a modified bilateral buccinator myomucosal flap with a buccal fat flap in a 14-year-old patient with persistent VPI despite prior interventions. Case presentation A 14-year-old female with a bilateral complete cleft lip and palate underwent primary cheiloplasty at 3 months and palatorrhaphy at 9 months of age. Despite 10 years of speech therapy and 4 years of speech aid use, hypernasality persisted. To address this, palatal lengthening was performed using bilateral buccinator myomucosal flaps combined with buccal fat flaps. At 1 month postoperatively, partial necrosis of the buccal fat grafts was observed but healed without further complications. At 8 months postoperatively, soft palate elongation exceeding 1 cm was achieved, and nasometric assessments demonstrated nasality reductions of 25.5 percentage points for high vowels (/i/, /wi/) and 19.5 percentage points at the sentence level. In the consonant accuracy evaluation, the patient’s word-level accuracy increased from 72.09% preoperatively to 88.37% at 6 months postoperatively. These objective improvements correlated with subjective reports of improved speech and reduced vocal effort. Conclusion As seen in this case, the combined use of buccinator myomucosal and buccal fat flaps can be a viable surgical option for addressing VPI through soft palate lengthening. This approach can lead to improvement in hypernasality with minimal complications, and its efficacy may be further supported by future long-term follow-up studies involving larger patient populations.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-025-00464-xBuccinator myomucosal flapVelopharyngeal insufficiencySpeech aidCleft palate
spellingShingle Tae Hyeong Park
Jin-A Baek
Seung-O Ko
Clinical outcomes of using bilateral buccinator myomucosal flaps in cleft lip and palate patient with velopharyngeal insufficiency: case report
Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Buccinator myomucosal flap
Velopharyngeal insufficiency
Speech aid
Cleft palate
title Clinical outcomes of using bilateral buccinator myomucosal flaps in cleft lip and palate patient with velopharyngeal insufficiency: case report
title_full Clinical outcomes of using bilateral buccinator myomucosal flaps in cleft lip and palate patient with velopharyngeal insufficiency: case report
title_fullStr Clinical outcomes of using bilateral buccinator myomucosal flaps in cleft lip and palate patient with velopharyngeal insufficiency: case report
title_full_unstemmed Clinical outcomes of using bilateral buccinator myomucosal flaps in cleft lip and palate patient with velopharyngeal insufficiency: case report
title_short Clinical outcomes of using bilateral buccinator myomucosal flaps in cleft lip and palate patient with velopharyngeal insufficiency: case report
title_sort clinical outcomes of using bilateral buccinator myomucosal flaps in cleft lip and palate patient with velopharyngeal insufficiency case report
topic Buccinator myomucosal flap
Velopharyngeal insufficiency
Speech aid
Cleft palate
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-025-00464-x
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