Research on detection and defense methods for false data injection attacks in power systems based on state-space decomposition

Abstract With increasing renewable energy integration, load frequency control (LFC) faces security risks from false data injection attacks (FDIAs). Existing detection methods struggle to distinguish control input attacks from measurement attacks, affecting system stability. This paper formulates a n...

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Main Authors: Chao Hong, Zhihong Liang, Yiwei Yang, Pandeng Li, Lin Chen, Leyi Bi, Yunan Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07251-3
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author Chao Hong
Zhihong Liang
Yiwei Yang
Pandeng Li
Lin Chen
Leyi Bi
Yunan Zhang
author_facet Chao Hong
Zhihong Liang
Yiwei Yang
Pandeng Li
Lin Chen
Leyi Bi
Yunan Zhang
author_sort Chao Hong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract With increasing renewable energy integration, load frequency control (LFC) faces security risks from false data injection attacks (FDIAs). Existing detection methods struggle to distinguish control input attacks from measurement attacks, affecting system stability. This paper formulates a novel state-space decomposition strategy for decoupling control input and measurement attacks in the context of LFC systems with high renewable penetration; introduces a sliding mode observer (SMO) tailored for real-time attack estimation; and integrates an attack-resilient control (ARC) scheme based on $$H_\infty$$ H ∞ control theory to actively suppress attack impacts. Simulations show that the proposed method reduces AE mean squared error by nearly 30% and improves frequency response stability. These results confirm its effectiveness in detecting FDIAs and enhancing power system security.
format Article
id doaj-art-81d6aa3cf06d4a17b4192c218d05c4fc
institution DOAJ
issn 3004-9261
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Springer
record_format Article
series Discover Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-81d6aa3cf06d4a17b4192c218d05c4fc2025-08-20T03:06:01ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-07-017711810.1007/s42452-025-07251-3Research on detection and defense methods for false data injection attacks in power systems based on state-space decompositionChao Hong0Zhihong Liang1Yiwei Yang2Pandeng Li3Lin Chen4Leyi Bi5Yunan Zhang6Electric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power GridElectric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power GridElectric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power GridElectric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power GridElectric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power GridElectric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power GridElectric Power Research Institute, China Southern Power GridAbstract With increasing renewable energy integration, load frequency control (LFC) faces security risks from false data injection attacks (FDIAs). Existing detection methods struggle to distinguish control input attacks from measurement attacks, affecting system stability. This paper formulates a novel state-space decomposition strategy for decoupling control input and measurement attacks in the context of LFC systems with high renewable penetration; introduces a sliding mode observer (SMO) tailored for real-time attack estimation; and integrates an attack-resilient control (ARC) scheme based on $$H_\infty$$ H ∞ control theory to actively suppress attack impacts. Simulations show that the proposed method reduces AE mean squared error by nearly 30% and improves frequency response stability. These results confirm its effectiveness in detecting FDIAs and enhancing power system security.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07251-3Load frequency control (LFC)False data injection attack (FDIA)State-space decompositionSliding mode observer (SMO)Anti-attack control
spellingShingle Chao Hong
Zhihong Liang
Yiwei Yang
Pandeng Li
Lin Chen
Leyi Bi
Yunan Zhang
Research on detection and defense methods for false data injection attacks in power systems based on state-space decomposition
Discover Applied Sciences
Load frequency control (LFC)
False data injection attack (FDIA)
State-space decomposition
Sliding mode observer (SMO)
Anti-attack control
title Research on detection and defense methods for false data injection attacks in power systems based on state-space decomposition
title_full Research on detection and defense methods for false data injection attacks in power systems based on state-space decomposition
title_fullStr Research on detection and defense methods for false data injection attacks in power systems based on state-space decomposition
title_full_unstemmed Research on detection and defense methods for false data injection attacks in power systems based on state-space decomposition
title_short Research on detection and defense methods for false data injection attacks in power systems based on state-space decomposition
title_sort research on detection and defense methods for false data injection attacks in power systems based on state space decomposition
topic Load frequency control (LFC)
False data injection attack (FDIA)
State-space decomposition
Sliding mode observer (SMO)
Anti-attack control
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07251-3
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