Sensor Node Deployment Optimization for Continuous Coverage in WSNs

Optimizing sensor node coverage remains a central challenge in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where premature convergence and suboptimal solutions in traditional optimization methods often lead to coverage gaps and uneven node distribution. To address these issues, this paper presents a novel velo...

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Main Authors: Haris Muhammad, Haewoon Nam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3620
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author Haris Muhammad
Haewoon Nam
author_facet Haris Muhammad
Haewoon Nam
author_sort Haris Muhammad
collection DOAJ
description Optimizing sensor node coverage remains a central challenge in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where premature convergence and suboptimal solutions in traditional optimization methods often lead to coverage gaps and uneven node distribution. To address these issues, this paper presents a novel velocity-scaled adaptive search factor particle swarm optimization (VASF-PSO) algorithm that integrates dynamic mechanisms to enhance population diversity, guide the search process more effectively, and reduce uncovered areas. The proposed algorithm is evaluated through extensive simulations across multiple WSN deployment scenarios with varying node densities, sensing ranges, and monitoring area sizes. Comparative results demonstrate that the approach consistently outperforms several widely used metaheuristic algorithms, achieving faster convergence, better global exploration, and significantly improved coverage performance. On average, the proposed method yields up to 14.71% higher coverage rates than baseline techniques. These findings underscore the algorithm’s robustness and suitability for efficient and scalable WSN deployments.
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spelling doaj-art-81c1dd4f273e48d596b5d6d3843ee08d2025-08-20T03:16:39ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-06-012512362010.3390/s25123620Sensor Node Deployment Optimization for Continuous Coverage in WSNsHaris Muhammad0Haewoon Nam1Department of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of KoreaOptimizing sensor node coverage remains a central challenge in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where premature convergence and suboptimal solutions in traditional optimization methods often lead to coverage gaps and uneven node distribution. To address these issues, this paper presents a novel velocity-scaled adaptive search factor particle swarm optimization (VASF-PSO) algorithm that integrates dynamic mechanisms to enhance population diversity, guide the search process more effectively, and reduce uncovered areas. The proposed algorithm is evaluated through extensive simulations across multiple WSN deployment scenarios with varying node densities, sensing ranges, and monitoring area sizes. Comparative results demonstrate that the approach consistently outperforms several widely used metaheuristic algorithms, achieving faster convergence, better global exploration, and significantly improved coverage performance. On average, the proposed method yields up to 14.71% higher coverage rates than baseline techniques. These findings underscore the algorithm’s robustness and suitability for efficient and scalable WSN deployments.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3620particle swarm optimization (PSO)adaptive search factorfast convergencewireless sensor networkDelaunay triangulation
spellingShingle Haris Muhammad
Haewoon Nam
Sensor Node Deployment Optimization for Continuous Coverage in WSNs
Sensors
particle swarm optimization (PSO)
adaptive search factor
fast convergence
wireless sensor network
Delaunay triangulation
title Sensor Node Deployment Optimization for Continuous Coverage in WSNs
title_full Sensor Node Deployment Optimization for Continuous Coverage in WSNs
title_fullStr Sensor Node Deployment Optimization for Continuous Coverage in WSNs
title_full_unstemmed Sensor Node Deployment Optimization for Continuous Coverage in WSNs
title_short Sensor Node Deployment Optimization for Continuous Coverage in WSNs
title_sort sensor node deployment optimization for continuous coverage in wsns
topic particle swarm optimization (PSO)
adaptive search factor
fast convergence
wireless sensor network
Delaunay triangulation
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/12/3620
work_keys_str_mv AT harismuhammad sensornodedeploymentoptimizationforcontinuouscoverageinwsns
AT haewoonnam sensornodedeploymentoptimizationforcontinuouscoverageinwsns