Programming stress‐induced altruistic death in engineered bacteria

Abstract Programmed death is often associated with a bacterial stress response. This behavior appears paradoxical, as it offers no benefit to the individual. This paradox can be explained if the death is ‘altruistic’: the killing of some cells can benefit the survivors through release of ‘public goo...

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Main Authors: Yu Tanouchi, Anand Pai, Nicolas E Buchler, Lingchong You
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer Nature 2012-11-01
Series:Molecular Systems Biology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/msb.2012.57
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author Yu Tanouchi
Anand Pai
Nicolas E Buchler
Lingchong You
author_facet Yu Tanouchi
Anand Pai
Nicolas E Buchler
Lingchong You
author_sort Yu Tanouchi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Programmed death is often associated with a bacterial stress response. This behavior appears paradoxical, as it offers no benefit to the individual. This paradox can be explained if the death is ‘altruistic’: the killing of some cells can benefit the survivors through release of ‘public goods’. However, the conditions where bacterial programmed death becomes advantageous have not been unambiguously demonstrated experimentally. Here, we determined such conditions by engineering tunable, stress‐induced altruistic death in the bacterium Escherichia coli. Using a mathematical model, we predicted the existence of an optimal programmed death rate that maximizes population growth under stress. We further predicted that altruistic death could generate the ‘Eagle effect’, a counter‐intuitive phenomenon where bacteria appear to grow better when treated with higher antibiotic concentrations. In support of these modeling insights, we experimentally demonstrated both the optimality in programmed death rate and the Eagle effect using our engineered system. Our findings fill a critical conceptual gap in the analysis of the evolution of bacterial programmed death, and have implications for a design of antibiotic treatment.
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series Molecular Systems Biology
spelling doaj-art-81c0eec00d874a6a82f14107df9e43fb2025-08-20T03:06:27ZengSpringer NatureMolecular Systems Biology1744-42922012-11-018111110.1038/msb.2012.57Programming stress‐induced altruistic death in engineered bacteriaYu Tanouchi0Anand Pai1Nicolas E Buchler2Lingchong You3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDepartment of Physics, Duke UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityAbstract Programmed death is often associated with a bacterial stress response. This behavior appears paradoxical, as it offers no benefit to the individual. This paradox can be explained if the death is ‘altruistic’: the killing of some cells can benefit the survivors through release of ‘public goods’. However, the conditions where bacterial programmed death becomes advantageous have not been unambiguously demonstrated experimentally. Here, we determined such conditions by engineering tunable, stress‐induced altruistic death in the bacterium Escherichia coli. Using a mathematical model, we predicted the existence of an optimal programmed death rate that maximizes population growth under stress. We further predicted that altruistic death could generate the ‘Eagle effect’, a counter‐intuitive phenomenon where bacteria appear to grow better when treated with higher antibiotic concentrations. In support of these modeling insights, we experimentally demonstrated both the optimality in programmed death rate and the Eagle effect using our engineered system. Our findings fill a critical conceptual gap in the analysis of the evolution of bacterial programmed death, and have implications for a design of antibiotic treatment.https://doi.org/10.1038/msb.2012.57altruistic deathantibiotic responseeagle effectprogrammed cell deathsynthetic biology
spellingShingle Yu Tanouchi
Anand Pai
Nicolas E Buchler
Lingchong You
Programming stress‐induced altruistic death in engineered bacteria
Molecular Systems Biology
altruistic death
antibiotic response
eagle effect
programmed cell death
synthetic biology
title Programming stress‐induced altruistic death in engineered bacteria
title_full Programming stress‐induced altruistic death in engineered bacteria
title_fullStr Programming stress‐induced altruistic death in engineered bacteria
title_full_unstemmed Programming stress‐induced altruistic death in engineered bacteria
title_short Programming stress‐induced altruistic death in engineered bacteria
title_sort programming stress induced altruistic death in engineered bacteria
topic altruistic death
antibiotic response
eagle effect
programmed cell death
synthetic biology
url https://doi.org/10.1038/msb.2012.57
work_keys_str_mv AT yutanouchi programmingstressinducedaltruisticdeathinengineeredbacteria
AT anandpai programmingstressinducedaltruisticdeathinengineeredbacteria
AT nicolasebuchler programmingstressinducedaltruisticdeathinengineeredbacteria
AT lingchongyou programmingstressinducedaltruisticdeathinengineeredbacteria