Computer Modelling of Heliostat Fields by Ray-Tracing Techniques: Simulating the Mechanical Rotations

In this work, solar concentrating heliostat fields are modeled using accurate solar-tracking algorithms and a wide range of rotation models to investigate the parameters controlling the mechanical efficiency of these solar facilities. Iterative procedures are first described to determine the rotatio...

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Main Authors: José Carlos Garcia Pereira, Luís Guerra Rosa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4508
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author José Carlos Garcia Pereira
Luís Guerra Rosa
author_facet José Carlos Garcia Pereira
Luís Guerra Rosa
author_sort José Carlos Garcia Pereira
collection DOAJ
description In this work, solar concentrating heliostat fields are modeled using accurate solar-tracking algorithms and a wide range of rotation models to investigate the parameters controlling the mechanical efficiency of these solar facilities. Iterative procedures are first described to determine the rotation angles needed to properly orient a single heliostat for the most commonly used mechanical models, including the azimuth-elevation, tilt-roll, and target-aligned models. These mathematical techniques were integrated into our Light Analysis Modelling (LAM) software and used to study a realistic heliostat field with six different mechanical rotation models for the full year of 2024 and a daily working range of 08:00–16:00 Local Time (LCT). Two locations were chosen, representing the highest and lowest latitudes from the SFERA-III EU list of solar concentrating facilities with heliostat fields: Jülich (Germany) and Protaras (Cyprus). The results obtained show that tilt-roll models require less angular rotation (−15.2% in Jülich, −20.2% in Protaras) and a narrower angular range (−14.5% in Jülich, −20.2% in Protaras) than azimuth-elevation models. Seldom-used target-aligned models are more efficient with tilt-roll rotations (compared with the tilt-roll model: −35.1% rotations in Jülich, −29.2% in Protaras; −12.3% angular range in Jülich, −14.3% in Protaras) and less efficient with azimuth-elevation rotations (compared with the azimuth-elevation model: +53.2% rotations in Jülich, +39.2% in Protaras; +96.2% angular range in Jülich, +87.5% in Protaras).
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spelling doaj-art-81b602294eb04782a9233fb24e8e4d462025-08-20T02:17:19ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01158450810.3390/app15084508Computer Modelling of Heliostat Fields by Ray-Tracing Techniques: Simulating the Mechanical RotationsJosé Carlos Garcia Pereira0Luís Guerra Rosa1Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalIDMEC—Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalIn this work, solar concentrating heliostat fields are modeled using accurate solar-tracking algorithms and a wide range of rotation models to investigate the parameters controlling the mechanical efficiency of these solar facilities. Iterative procedures are first described to determine the rotation angles needed to properly orient a single heliostat for the most commonly used mechanical models, including the azimuth-elevation, tilt-roll, and target-aligned models. These mathematical techniques were integrated into our Light Analysis Modelling (LAM) software and used to study a realistic heliostat field with six different mechanical rotation models for the full year of 2024 and a daily working range of 08:00–16:00 Local Time (LCT). Two locations were chosen, representing the highest and lowest latitudes from the SFERA-III EU list of solar concentrating facilities with heliostat fields: Jülich (Germany) and Protaras (Cyprus). The results obtained show that tilt-roll models require less angular rotation (−15.2% in Jülich, −20.2% in Protaras) and a narrower angular range (−14.5% in Jülich, −20.2% in Protaras) than azimuth-elevation models. Seldom-used target-aligned models are more efficient with tilt-roll rotations (compared with the tilt-roll model: −35.1% rotations in Jülich, −29.2% in Protaras; −12.3% angular range in Jülich, −14.3% in Protaras) and less efficient with azimuth-elevation rotations (compared with the azimuth-elevation model: +53.2% rotations in Jülich, +39.2% in Protaras; +96.2% angular range in Jülich, +87.5% in Protaras).https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4508heliostat mechanical modelsazimuth-elevationtilt-rolltarget-alignedheliostat modellingheliostat rotation
spellingShingle José Carlos Garcia Pereira
Luís Guerra Rosa
Computer Modelling of Heliostat Fields by Ray-Tracing Techniques: Simulating the Mechanical Rotations
Applied Sciences
heliostat mechanical models
azimuth-elevation
tilt-roll
target-aligned
heliostat modelling
heliostat rotation
title Computer Modelling of Heliostat Fields by Ray-Tracing Techniques: Simulating the Mechanical Rotations
title_full Computer Modelling of Heliostat Fields by Ray-Tracing Techniques: Simulating the Mechanical Rotations
title_fullStr Computer Modelling of Heliostat Fields by Ray-Tracing Techniques: Simulating the Mechanical Rotations
title_full_unstemmed Computer Modelling of Heliostat Fields by Ray-Tracing Techniques: Simulating the Mechanical Rotations
title_short Computer Modelling of Heliostat Fields by Ray-Tracing Techniques: Simulating the Mechanical Rotations
title_sort computer modelling of heliostat fields by ray tracing techniques simulating the mechanical rotations
topic heliostat mechanical models
azimuth-elevation
tilt-roll
target-aligned
heliostat modelling
heliostat rotation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/8/4508
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AT luisguerrarosa computermodellingofheliostatfieldsbyraytracingtechniquessimulatingthemechanicalrotations