Appropriate dietary phosphorus levels promote growth performance, mineral retention, and hepatic lipid metabolism in juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata)

Phosphorus (Pi) is an essential mineral for fish and exerts critical roles in growth, metabolism, and skeletal development. The present research was carried out to investigate the effects of different dietary Pi levels on the growth performance, minerals retention, and hepatic lipid metabolism of ju...

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Main Authors: Yichuang Xu, Shuo Wang, Xinyu Hu, Pan Wang, Xiaozhao Han, Jinyue Yang, Ying Liang, Shaowei Zhai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Aquaculture Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425000420
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author Yichuang Xu
Shuo Wang
Xinyu Hu
Pan Wang
Xiaozhao Han
Jinyue Yang
Ying Liang
Shaowei Zhai
author_facet Yichuang Xu
Shuo Wang
Xinyu Hu
Pan Wang
Xiaozhao Han
Jinyue Yang
Ying Liang
Shaowei Zhai
author_sort Yichuang Xu
collection DOAJ
description Phosphorus (Pi) is an essential mineral for fish and exerts critical roles in growth, metabolism, and skeletal development. The present research was carried out to investigate the effects of different dietary Pi levels on the growth performance, minerals retention, and hepatic lipid metabolism of juvenile American eels. Five experimental diets were prepared using NaH2PO4 and KH2PO4 as Pi sources, with total Pi levels in the diets were determined to be 0.52 %, 0.90 %, 1.31 %, 1.71 %, and 2.11 %, respectively. The feeding trial was conducted over a period of 10 weeks. In comparison to eels fed diets containing 0.52 % Pi, those fed diets with 1.31 % Pi exhibited improved growth performance, feed utilization, and whole-body retention of calcium, Pi, copper, iron, and zinc. Additionally, Eels fed diets containing 1.31 % Pi had lower deformity rate, serum lipid content, and hepatic lipid levels than those receiving diets with 0.52 % Pi. Dietary Pi addition promoted hepatic lipolysis while inhibited hepatic lipogeneses. Conversely, eels fed diets with 2.11 % Pi showed reduced growth performance, feed utilization, and minerals retention, alongside a higher deformity rate, compared to those fed diets containing 1.31 % Pi. Lipidomic analysis indicated that, compared to eels fed diets containing 0.52 % Pi, autophagy, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism were enhanced in the liver of those fed diets with 1.31 % Pi. The quadratic regression analysis of weight gain rate, feed efficiency, and Pi retention against the dietary Pi levels indicated optimal dietary Pi levels for American eels range from 1.31 % to 1.40 %. These findings offer critical insights into dietary Pi supplementation and underscoring the importance of optimal dietary Pi levels for American eels.
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spelling doaj-art-81afeb17d03948fbb351241b308a9a0f2025-02-04T04:10:28ZengElsevierAquaculture Reports2352-51342025-04-0141102656Appropriate dietary phosphorus levels promote growth performance, mineral retention, and hepatic lipid metabolism in juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata)Yichuang Xu0Shuo Wang1Xinyu Hu2Pan Wang3Xiaozhao Han4Jinyue Yang5Ying Liang6Shaowei Zhai7Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, ChinaFisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaFisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaFisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaFisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaCollege of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaFisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaFisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen 361021, China; Corresponding author at: Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.Phosphorus (Pi) is an essential mineral for fish and exerts critical roles in growth, metabolism, and skeletal development. The present research was carried out to investigate the effects of different dietary Pi levels on the growth performance, minerals retention, and hepatic lipid metabolism of juvenile American eels. Five experimental diets were prepared using NaH2PO4 and KH2PO4 as Pi sources, with total Pi levels in the diets were determined to be 0.52 %, 0.90 %, 1.31 %, 1.71 %, and 2.11 %, respectively. The feeding trial was conducted over a period of 10 weeks. In comparison to eels fed diets containing 0.52 % Pi, those fed diets with 1.31 % Pi exhibited improved growth performance, feed utilization, and whole-body retention of calcium, Pi, copper, iron, and zinc. Additionally, Eels fed diets containing 1.31 % Pi had lower deformity rate, serum lipid content, and hepatic lipid levels than those receiving diets with 0.52 % Pi. Dietary Pi addition promoted hepatic lipolysis while inhibited hepatic lipogeneses. Conversely, eels fed diets with 2.11 % Pi showed reduced growth performance, feed utilization, and minerals retention, alongside a higher deformity rate, compared to those fed diets containing 1.31 % Pi. Lipidomic analysis indicated that, compared to eels fed diets containing 0.52 % Pi, autophagy, glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycosylphosphatidylinositol metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism were enhanced in the liver of those fed diets with 1.31 % Pi. The quadratic regression analysis of weight gain rate, feed efficiency, and Pi retention against the dietary Pi levels indicated optimal dietary Pi levels for American eels range from 1.31 % to 1.40 %. These findings offer critical insights into dietary Pi supplementation and underscoring the importance of optimal dietary Pi levels for American eels.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425000420PhosphorusAmerican eelsGrowth performanceMineral retentionLipid metabolism
spellingShingle Yichuang Xu
Shuo Wang
Xinyu Hu
Pan Wang
Xiaozhao Han
Jinyue Yang
Ying Liang
Shaowei Zhai
Appropriate dietary phosphorus levels promote growth performance, mineral retention, and hepatic lipid metabolism in juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata)
Aquaculture Reports
Phosphorus
American eels
Growth performance
Mineral retention
Lipid metabolism
title Appropriate dietary phosphorus levels promote growth performance, mineral retention, and hepatic lipid metabolism in juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata)
title_full Appropriate dietary phosphorus levels promote growth performance, mineral retention, and hepatic lipid metabolism in juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata)
title_fullStr Appropriate dietary phosphorus levels promote growth performance, mineral retention, and hepatic lipid metabolism in juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata)
title_full_unstemmed Appropriate dietary phosphorus levels promote growth performance, mineral retention, and hepatic lipid metabolism in juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata)
title_short Appropriate dietary phosphorus levels promote growth performance, mineral retention, and hepatic lipid metabolism in juvenile American eels (Anguilla rostrata)
title_sort appropriate dietary phosphorus levels promote growth performance mineral retention and hepatic lipid metabolism in juvenile american eels anguilla rostrata
topic Phosphorus
American eels
Growth performance
Mineral retention
Lipid metabolism
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425000420
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