Using silver nanoparticles to increase the accumulation of withanolide compounds in cultured callus of Withania somnifera L.

Background: Withania somnifera L. is a famous medicinal plant that has been utilized in Global folk medicine for a long time. The leaves and roots of the plant are rich in withanolide constituents, which are primarily responsible for their therapeutic effectiveness.  Objective: This study focuses o...

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Main Authors: Ashwaq S. Abed, Alaa J. Taha, Abedaljasim M. J. Al Jibouri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Al-Nahrain University/ Biotechnology Research Center 2025-07-01
Series:مجلة مركز بحوث التقنيات الاحيائية
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Online Access:https://jobrc.org/index.php/jobrc/article/view/914
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author Ashwaq S. Abed
Alaa J. Taha
Abedaljasim M. J. Al Jibouri
author_facet Ashwaq S. Abed
Alaa J. Taha
Abedaljasim M. J. Al Jibouri
author_sort Ashwaq S. Abed
collection DOAJ
description Background: Withania somnifera L. is a famous medicinal plant that has been utilized in Global folk medicine for a long time. The leaves and roots of the plant are rich in withanolide constituents, which are primarily responsible for their therapeutic effectiveness.  Objective: This study focuses on the differences in the content of withanolide compounds and biomass in W. somnifera plants under different treatments with silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). Results: The leaves of the field plant (in vivo cultures) showed a rise in content of 27-OH-withanolide, withaferine-A, and withastramonolide. While the leaves and roots in the in vitro cultures revealed a high content of withanolide-B and withanone. The high content of withanolide-A was mainly observed in callus cultures. Moreover, the findings showed a considerable reduction in callus biomass across different concentrations of Ag-NPs (1, 2, and 3 mg/L). Conversely, there was a noteworthy rise in the production of withanolides. Specifically, withastramonolide and withanolide-A exhibited significant increases at 2 mg/L Ag-NPs, showing 121% and 15% increases, respectively, compared to the control. Additionally, several other withanolide compounds, including 27-OH-withanolide, withaferin-A, withanone, and withanolide-B, accumulated significantly at 3 mg/L Ag-NPs, with percentage increases ranging from 67% to 277%. Additionally, the study evaluated the DPPH scavenging activity in Ag-NPs-treated samples, showing a substantial 64.4% increase at 3 mg/L, which suggests the presence of elevated active components or improved antioxidants in this treatment. Conclusion: The findings provide insights into the variations in withanolide content under different culture systems and demonstrate the potential of Ag-NPs treatment to enhance withanolide yield and antioxidant activity in Withania plant cultures.
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spelling doaj-art-819d06acc0474c978bba0b62b360193f2025-08-20T02:38:59ZengAl-Nahrain University/ Biotechnology Research Centerمجلة مركز بحوث التقنيات الاحيائية1815-11402708-13702025-07-0119110.24126/jobrc.2025.19.1.914Using silver nanoparticles to increase the accumulation of withanolide compounds in cultured callus of Withania somnifera L.Ashwaq S. Abed0Alaa J. Taha 1Abedaljasim M. J. Al Jibouri 2Plant Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, IraqBiology Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq. Al-Salam University College, Baghdad, Iraq Background: Withania somnifera L. is a famous medicinal plant that has been utilized in Global folk medicine for a long time. The leaves and roots of the plant are rich in withanolide constituents, which are primarily responsible for their therapeutic effectiveness.  Objective: This study focuses on the differences in the content of withanolide compounds and biomass in W. somnifera plants under different treatments with silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). Results: The leaves of the field plant (in vivo cultures) showed a rise in content of 27-OH-withanolide, withaferine-A, and withastramonolide. While the leaves and roots in the in vitro cultures revealed a high content of withanolide-B and withanone. The high content of withanolide-A was mainly observed in callus cultures. Moreover, the findings showed a considerable reduction in callus biomass across different concentrations of Ag-NPs (1, 2, and 3 mg/L). Conversely, there was a noteworthy rise in the production of withanolides. Specifically, withastramonolide and withanolide-A exhibited significant increases at 2 mg/L Ag-NPs, showing 121% and 15% increases, respectively, compared to the control. Additionally, several other withanolide compounds, including 27-OH-withanolide, withaferin-A, withanone, and withanolide-B, accumulated significantly at 3 mg/L Ag-NPs, with percentage increases ranging from 67% to 277%. Additionally, the study evaluated the DPPH scavenging activity in Ag-NPs-treated samples, showing a substantial 64.4% increase at 3 mg/L, which suggests the presence of elevated active components or improved antioxidants in this treatment. Conclusion: The findings provide insights into the variations in withanolide content under different culture systems and demonstrate the potential of Ag-NPs treatment to enhance withanolide yield and antioxidant activity in Withania plant cultures. https://jobrc.org/index.php/jobrc/article/view/914Withanolide compoundsAg-NPscallus culturesDPPH
spellingShingle Ashwaq S. Abed
Alaa J. Taha
Abedaljasim M. J. Al Jibouri
Using silver nanoparticles to increase the accumulation of withanolide compounds in cultured callus of Withania somnifera L.
مجلة مركز بحوث التقنيات الاحيائية
Withanolide compounds
Ag-NPs
callus cultures
DPPH
title Using silver nanoparticles to increase the accumulation of withanolide compounds in cultured callus of Withania somnifera L.
title_full Using silver nanoparticles to increase the accumulation of withanolide compounds in cultured callus of Withania somnifera L.
title_fullStr Using silver nanoparticles to increase the accumulation of withanolide compounds in cultured callus of Withania somnifera L.
title_full_unstemmed Using silver nanoparticles to increase the accumulation of withanolide compounds in cultured callus of Withania somnifera L.
title_short Using silver nanoparticles to increase the accumulation of withanolide compounds in cultured callus of Withania somnifera L.
title_sort using silver nanoparticles to increase the accumulation of withanolide compounds in cultured callus of withania somnifera l
topic Withanolide compounds
Ag-NPs
callus cultures
DPPH
url https://jobrc.org/index.php/jobrc/article/view/914
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