A multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform combined with immune checkpoint blockade for triple-negative breast cancer immunotherapy through inhibiting polarization of M2 macrophages

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has become a hopeful treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, most patients exhibit a low immune response. Tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) suppress anti-tumor immune responses by encouraging the polarization of M2 macrophages...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Qianqian Zhou, Zongfang Jia, Yang Mu, Ya Xu, Fang Gao, Ruirui Wang, Liangliang Gu, Feifei Liu, Sheng Zhang, Weidong Chen, Yunna Chen, Lei Wang
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	BMC 2025-08-01
Series:	Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Subjects:	Triple-negative breast cancer Salvianolic acid b Tumor-associated fibroblasts Tumor-associated macrophages Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03663-w
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A multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform combined with immune checkpoint blockade for triple-negative breast cancer immunotherapy through inhibiting polarization of M2 macrophages

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