Development of a Passive Back-Support Exoskeleton Mimicking Human Spine Motion for Multi-Posture Assistance in Occupational Tasks

Passive back-support exoskeletons commonly employ elastic components to assist users during dynamic tasks. However, these designs are ineffective in providing sustained assistance for prolonged static bending postures, such as those required in surgery, assembly, and farming, where users experience...

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Main Authors: Jiyuan Wu, Zhiquan Chen, Yinglong Zhang, Qi Zhang, Xingsong Wang, Mengqian Tian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Biomimetics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/6/349
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author Jiyuan Wu
Zhiquan Chen
Yinglong Zhang
Qi Zhang
Xingsong Wang
Mengqian Tian
author_facet Jiyuan Wu
Zhiquan Chen
Yinglong Zhang
Qi Zhang
Xingsong Wang
Mengqian Tian
author_sort Jiyuan Wu
collection DOAJ
description Passive back-support exoskeletons commonly employ elastic components to assist users during dynamic tasks. However, these designs are ineffective in providing sustained assistance for prolonged static bending postures, such as those required in surgery, assembly, and farming, where users experience continuous lumbar flexion. To address this limitation, a novel passive back-support exoskeleton inspired by the human spine is proposed in this work. The exoskeleton integrates a five-bar linkage mechanism with vertebrae-mimicking units, allowing for both dynamic flexion–extension movements and rigid support at various flexion angles. During the experiments, subjects are instructed to perform a 30-min forward-bending assembly task under two conditions: with and without wearing the exoskeleton. Compared to the free condition, the electromyography results indicate a 10.1% reduction in integrated EMG (IEMG) and a 9.78% decrease in root mean square (RMS) values of the erector spinae with the exoskeleton. Meanwhile, the metabolic rate is decreased by 11.1%, highlighting the effectiveness of the exoskeleton in mitigating muscle fatigue during prolonged static work. This work provides a promising solution for reducing musculoskeletal strain in occupations requiring sustained forward bending, making it a valuable advancement in passive exoskeleton technology.
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spelling doaj-art-8162744e090f4c59a6b6a653f79bdd3e2025-08-20T03:26:51ZengMDPI AGBiomimetics2313-76732025-05-0110634910.3390/biomimetics10060349Development of a Passive Back-Support Exoskeleton Mimicking Human Spine Motion for Multi-Posture Assistance in Occupational TasksJiyuan Wu0Zhiquan Chen1Yinglong Zhang2Qi Zhang3Xingsong Wang4Mengqian Tian5School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaSchool of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, ChinaPassive back-support exoskeletons commonly employ elastic components to assist users during dynamic tasks. However, these designs are ineffective in providing sustained assistance for prolonged static bending postures, such as those required in surgery, assembly, and farming, where users experience continuous lumbar flexion. To address this limitation, a novel passive back-support exoskeleton inspired by the human spine is proposed in this work. The exoskeleton integrates a five-bar linkage mechanism with vertebrae-mimicking units, allowing for both dynamic flexion–extension movements and rigid support at various flexion angles. During the experiments, subjects are instructed to perform a 30-min forward-bending assembly task under two conditions: with and without wearing the exoskeleton. Compared to the free condition, the electromyography results indicate a 10.1% reduction in integrated EMG (IEMG) and a 9.78% decrease in root mean square (RMS) values of the erector spinae with the exoskeleton. Meanwhile, the metabolic rate is decreased by 11.1%, highlighting the effectiveness of the exoskeleton in mitigating muscle fatigue during prolonged static work. This work provides a promising solution for reducing musculoskeletal strain in occupations requiring sustained forward bending, making it a valuable advancement in passive exoskeleton technology.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/6/349human spineforward bendingbiomechanical analysisback-support exoskeletonmotion assistance
spellingShingle Jiyuan Wu
Zhiquan Chen
Yinglong Zhang
Qi Zhang
Xingsong Wang
Mengqian Tian
Development of a Passive Back-Support Exoskeleton Mimicking Human Spine Motion for Multi-Posture Assistance in Occupational Tasks
Biomimetics
human spine
forward bending
biomechanical analysis
back-support exoskeleton
motion assistance
title Development of a Passive Back-Support Exoskeleton Mimicking Human Spine Motion for Multi-Posture Assistance in Occupational Tasks
title_full Development of a Passive Back-Support Exoskeleton Mimicking Human Spine Motion for Multi-Posture Assistance in Occupational Tasks
title_fullStr Development of a Passive Back-Support Exoskeleton Mimicking Human Spine Motion for Multi-Posture Assistance in Occupational Tasks
title_full_unstemmed Development of a Passive Back-Support Exoskeleton Mimicking Human Spine Motion for Multi-Posture Assistance in Occupational Tasks
title_short Development of a Passive Back-Support Exoskeleton Mimicking Human Spine Motion for Multi-Posture Assistance in Occupational Tasks
title_sort development of a passive back support exoskeleton mimicking human spine motion for multi posture assistance in occupational tasks
topic human spine
forward bending
biomechanical analysis
back-support exoskeleton
motion assistance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/6/349
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