Experimental study on thermal management of data center with non-uniform heat load

Proper thermal management operations in data centers can save about 10 %–15 % of total energy consumption. In this study, a heat exchanger, ice water host, and cooling tower are used to compose the cooling system for the data center. Short distance and ceiling air supply are adopted to reduce the en...

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Main Authors: Wei-Mon Yan, Hao Kao, Uzair Sajjad, Chun-Han Li, Saman Rashidi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X2500838X
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author Wei-Mon Yan
Hao Kao
Uzair Sajjad
Chun-Han Li
Saman Rashidi
author_facet Wei-Mon Yan
Hao Kao
Uzair Sajjad
Chun-Han Li
Saman Rashidi
author_sort Wei-Mon Yan
collection DOAJ
description Proper thermal management operations in data centers can save about 10 %–15 % of total energy consumption. In this study, a heat exchanger, ice water host, and cooling tower are used to compose the cooling system for the data center. Short distance and ceiling air supply are adopted to reduce the energy consumption of data center heat dissipation and maintain good cooling environment conditions in the data room. Rack Cooling Index (RCI), Return Temperature Index (RTI), and Supply Heat Index (SHI) are used for the measurement and evaluation of the system. The results show that because the small data room adopts short distance and ceiling air supply configuration, the hot and cold channels are isolated under the short-distance air supply channel. Hence, in the ideal range, SHI is less than 0.4 on behalf of its cold air, which is very little affected by hot air. Servers, which need to run on full load for a long time, can be placed in the bottom area of the cabinet to maintain a better working environment.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2214-157X
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publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
spelling doaj-art-815ddd6068a84ce2aec7cb7dc90a21282025-08-20T03:32:03ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-09-017310657810.1016/j.csite.2025.106578Experimental study on thermal management of data center with non-uniform heat loadWei-Mon Yan0Hao Kao1Uzair Sajjad2Chun-Han Li3Saman Rashidi4Department of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan; Research Center of Energy Conservation for New Generation of Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Sectors, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, TaiwanDepartment of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan; Research Center of Energy Conservation for New Generation of Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Sectors, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, TaiwanDepartment of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, Taiwan; Research Center of Energy Conservation for New Generation of Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Sectors, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 10608, TaiwanDepartment of Energy and Refrigerating Air-Conditioning Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 824004, Taiwan; Corresponding author.Department of Energy, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran; Corresponding author.Proper thermal management operations in data centers can save about 10 %–15 % of total energy consumption. In this study, a heat exchanger, ice water host, and cooling tower are used to compose the cooling system for the data center. Short distance and ceiling air supply are adopted to reduce the energy consumption of data center heat dissipation and maintain good cooling environment conditions in the data room. Rack Cooling Index (RCI), Return Temperature Index (RTI), and Supply Heat Index (SHI) are used for the measurement and evaluation of the system. The results show that because the small data room adopts short distance and ceiling air supply configuration, the hot and cold channels are isolated under the short-distance air supply channel. Hence, in the ideal range, SHI is less than 0.4 on behalf of its cold air, which is very little affected by hot air. Servers, which need to run on full load for a long time, can be placed in the bottom area of the cabinet to maintain a better working environment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X2500838XData center coolingEnergy consumptionRack cooling indexReturn temperature indexSupply heat indexNon-uniform heat load
spellingShingle Wei-Mon Yan
Hao Kao
Uzair Sajjad
Chun-Han Li
Saman Rashidi
Experimental study on thermal management of data center with non-uniform heat load
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Data center cooling
Energy consumption
Rack cooling index
Return temperature index
Supply heat index
Non-uniform heat load
title Experimental study on thermal management of data center with non-uniform heat load
title_full Experimental study on thermal management of data center with non-uniform heat load
title_fullStr Experimental study on thermal management of data center with non-uniform heat load
title_full_unstemmed Experimental study on thermal management of data center with non-uniform heat load
title_short Experimental study on thermal management of data center with non-uniform heat load
title_sort experimental study on thermal management of data center with non uniform heat load
topic Data center cooling
Energy consumption
Rack cooling index
Return temperature index
Supply heat index
Non-uniform heat load
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X2500838X
work_keys_str_mv AT weimonyan experimentalstudyonthermalmanagementofdatacenterwithnonuniformheatload
AT haokao experimentalstudyonthermalmanagementofdatacenterwithnonuniformheatload
AT uzairsajjad experimentalstudyonthermalmanagementofdatacenterwithnonuniformheatload
AT chunhanli experimentalstudyonthermalmanagementofdatacenterwithnonuniformheatload
AT samanrashidi experimentalstudyonthermalmanagementofdatacenterwithnonuniformheatload