Laser directed energy deposition of heteroarchitected Ti6Al4V composites: In-situ TiB/TiC network engineering for multi-mechanistic strength-ductility synergy

Achieving an optimal balance between strength and ductility in titanium matrix composites (TMCs) remains a critical challenge. This study presents a novel approach to fabricate heterostructure (TiB + TiC)/Ti6Al4V composites via laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) with B4C-derived in-situ reinfor...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shenghao Hu, Chengfang Chai, Shuai Guo, Fengxian Li, Yichun Liu, Jianhong Yi, Jie Yu, Jürgen Eckert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425017661
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849732544728137728
author Shenghao Hu
Chengfang Chai
Shuai Guo
Fengxian Li
Yichun Liu
Jianhong Yi
Jie Yu
Jürgen Eckert
author_facet Shenghao Hu
Chengfang Chai
Shuai Guo
Fengxian Li
Yichun Liu
Jianhong Yi
Jie Yu
Jürgen Eckert
author_sort Shenghao Hu
collection DOAJ
description Achieving an optimal balance between strength and ductility in titanium matrix composites (TMCs) remains a critical challenge. This study presents a novel approach to fabricate heterostructure (TiB + TiC)/Ti6Al4V composites via laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) with B4C-derived in-situ reinforcement. High-energy laser irradiation triggers an in-situ reaction between nano-B4C and Ti6Al4V, forming a three-dimensional network of rod-like TiB whiskers and equiaxed TiC nanoparticles within a refined α-Ti matrix. Microstructural characterization reveals that increasing B4C content (0–1 wt%) induced microstructural hierarchy through dual-phase (α+β) matrix refinement (α-lath reduction: 7.79 → 6.89 μm) and reinforcement architecture optimization, achieving 96.2 % high-angle grain boundaries and ceramic network continuity. The heterostructure facilitates synergistic deformation mechanisms: TiB + TiC networks facilitate efficient load transfer and dislocation accumulation; preserved α-Ti domains accommodate plastic strain, and Thermal mismatch-induced geometrically necessary dislocations enhance back-stress hardening. Mechanical testing demonstrates superior strength-ductility synergy. The 1 wt% B4C composite achieves a tensile strength of 997.21 MPa (20.97 % vs. Ti matrix) while retaining a uniform elongation of 9.14 %, surpassing conventional trade-offs in particle-reinforced TMCs. Quantitative strengthening analysis reveals synergistic contributions from Hall-Petch refinement, Orowan looping, and solid solution effects, while EBSD-validated strain delocalization mechanisms mitigate early fracture. This work establishes LDED-enabled heterostructuring as a transformative pathway for developing damage-tolerant TMCs, achieving an unprecedented combination of specific strength and damage absorption capacity.
format Article
id doaj-art-813b9b98e684424c99ce19d368f04fda
institution DOAJ
issn 2238-7854
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Journal of Materials Research and Technology
spelling doaj-art-813b9b98e684424c99ce19d368f04fda2025-08-20T03:08:18ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-07-01375187520210.1016/j.jmrt.2025.07.108Laser directed energy deposition of heteroarchitected Ti6Al4V composites: In-situ TiB/TiC network engineering for multi-mechanistic strength-ductility synergyShenghao Hu0Chengfang Chai1Shuai Guo2Fengxian Li3Yichun Liu4Jianhong Yi5Jie Yu6Jürgen Eckert7School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China; Corresponding author.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China; Corresponding author.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China; Corresponding author.Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, A-8700, Leoben, AustriaAchieving an optimal balance between strength and ductility in titanium matrix composites (TMCs) remains a critical challenge. This study presents a novel approach to fabricate heterostructure (TiB + TiC)/Ti6Al4V composites via laser-directed energy deposition (LDED) with B4C-derived in-situ reinforcement. High-energy laser irradiation triggers an in-situ reaction between nano-B4C and Ti6Al4V, forming a three-dimensional network of rod-like TiB whiskers and equiaxed TiC nanoparticles within a refined α-Ti matrix. Microstructural characterization reveals that increasing B4C content (0–1 wt%) induced microstructural hierarchy through dual-phase (α+β) matrix refinement (α-lath reduction: 7.79 → 6.89 μm) and reinforcement architecture optimization, achieving 96.2 % high-angle grain boundaries and ceramic network continuity. The heterostructure facilitates synergistic deformation mechanisms: TiB + TiC networks facilitate efficient load transfer and dislocation accumulation; preserved α-Ti domains accommodate plastic strain, and Thermal mismatch-induced geometrically necessary dislocations enhance back-stress hardening. Mechanical testing demonstrates superior strength-ductility synergy. The 1 wt% B4C composite achieves a tensile strength of 997.21 MPa (20.97 % vs. Ti matrix) while retaining a uniform elongation of 9.14 %, surpassing conventional trade-offs in particle-reinforced TMCs. Quantitative strengthening analysis reveals synergistic contributions from Hall-Petch refinement, Orowan looping, and solid solution effects, while EBSD-validated strain delocalization mechanisms mitigate early fracture. This work establishes LDED-enabled heterostructuring as a transformative pathway for developing damage-tolerant TMCs, achieving an unprecedented combination of specific strength and damage absorption capacity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425017661Laser-directed energy deposition (LDED)(TiB+TiC)/Ti6Al4VHeterostructureMechanical properties
spellingShingle Shenghao Hu
Chengfang Chai
Shuai Guo
Fengxian Li
Yichun Liu
Jianhong Yi
Jie Yu
Jürgen Eckert
Laser directed energy deposition of heteroarchitected Ti6Al4V composites: In-situ TiB/TiC network engineering for multi-mechanistic strength-ductility synergy
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Laser-directed energy deposition (LDED)
(TiB+TiC)/Ti6Al4V
Heterostructure
Mechanical properties
title Laser directed energy deposition of heteroarchitected Ti6Al4V composites: In-situ TiB/TiC network engineering for multi-mechanistic strength-ductility synergy
title_full Laser directed energy deposition of heteroarchitected Ti6Al4V composites: In-situ TiB/TiC network engineering for multi-mechanistic strength-ductility synergy
title_fullStr Laser directed energy deposition of heteroarchitected Ti6Al4V composites: In-situ TiB/TiC network engineering for multi-mechanistic strength-ductility synergy
title_full_unstemmed Laser directed energy deposition of heteroarchitected Ti6Al4V composites: In-situ TiB/TiC network engineering for multi-mechanistic strength-ductility synergy
title_short Laser directed energy deposition of heteroarchitected Ti6Al4V composites: In-situ TiB/TiC network engineering for multi-mechanistic strength-ductility synergy
title_sort laser directed energy deposition of heteroarchitected ti6al4v composites in situ tib tic network engineering for multi mechanistic strength ductility synergy
topic Laser-directed energy deposition (LDED)
(TiB+TiC)/Ti6Al4V
Heterostructure
Mechanical properties
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425017661
work_keys_str_mv AT shenghaohu laserdirectedenergydepositionofheteroarchitectedti6al4vcompositesinsitutibticnetworkengineeringformultimechanisticstrengthductilitysynergy
AT chengfangchai laserdirectedenergydepositionofheteroarchitectedti6al4vcompositesinsitutibticnetworkengineeringformultimechanisticstrengthductilitysynergy
AT shuaiguo laserdirectedenergydepositionofheteroarchitectedti6al4vcompositesinsitutibticnetworkengineeringformultimechanisticstrengthductilitysynergy
AT fengxianli laserdirectedenergydepositionofheteroarchitectedti6al4vcompositesinsitutibticnetworkengineeringformultimechanisticstrengthductilitysynergy
AT yichunliu laserdirectedenergydepositionofheteroarchitectedti6al4vcompositesinsitutibticnetworkengineeringformultimechanisticstrengthductilitysynergy
AT jianhongyi laserdirectedenergydepositionofheteroarchitectedti6al4vcompositesinsitutibticnetworkengineeringformultimechanisticstrengthductilitysynergy
AT jieyu laserdirectedenergydepositionofheteroarchitectedti6al4vcompositesinsitutibticnetworkengineeringformultimechanisticstrengthductilitysynergy
AT jurgeneckert laserdirectedenergydepositionofheteroarchitectedti6al4vcompositesinsitutibticnetworkengineeringformultimechanisticstrengthductilitysynergy