Exploring the time-dependent behaviors of the rock mass roof of tunnels in open underground spaces of coal mines through numerical investigation

Abstract The stability of rock mass roofs in open underground spaces of coal mines in Iran is a critical concern, as it can have significant implications for mine safety and productivity. The rock mass roofs are prone to degradation and failure due to various factors, including mining-induced stress...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alireza Khoshmagham, Navid Hosseini Alaee, Reza Shirinabadi, Amir Hossein Bangian Tabrizi, Mehran Gholinejad, Pooria Kianoush
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93017-1
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849772367670149120
author Alireza Khoshmagham
Navid Hosseini Alaee
Reza Shirinabadi
Amir Hossein Bangian Tabrizi
Mehran Gholinejad
Pooria Kianoush
author_facet Alireza Khoshmagham
Navid Hosseini Alaee
Reza Shirinabadi
Amir Hossein Bangian Tabrizi
Mehran Gholinejad
Pooria Kianoush
author_sort Alireza Khoshmagham
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The stability of rock mass roofs in open underground spaces of coal mines in Iran is a critical concern, as it can have significant implications for mine safety and productivity. The rock mass roofs are prone to degradation and failure due to various factors, including mining-induced stress, water infiltration, and mechanical damage. However, there needs to be more understanding of the time-dependent behaviors of these rock mass roofs. This study aims to investigate the time-dependent behaviors of rock mass roofs in tunnels of open underground spaces of coal mines in Iran using numerical simulations. A 3D numerical model was developed using finite element modeling. The model was validated using field measurements and laboratory tests. The study revealed that the rock mass roof exhibits significant time-dependent behavior in response to mining-induced stress, water infiltration, and mechanical damage. The results show that the rock mass roof deforms significantly over time, increasing the risk of instability and collapse. The study also investigated the influence of bedding planes and roof support on time-dependent behavior, demonstrating the importance of considering these factors in numerical simulations. A novel constitutive model was developed to represent the strain-softening behavior, creep, and relaxation of rocks, as well as strength deterioration with accumulated viscous deformation. The study identified the critical factors contributing to this deformation and instability, including high-stress zones, water infiltration pathways, and mechanical damage. The findings provide valuable insights for developing effective monitoring and mitigation strategies to ensure the safety and productivity of coal mines in Iran.
format Article
id doaj-art-813096edcdfe4b9a9b16acef3861fb81
institution DOAJ
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-813096edcdfe4b9a9b16acef3861fb812025-08-20T03:02:21ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-03-0115112910.1038/s41598-025-93017-1Exploring the time-dependent behaviors of the rock mass roof of tunnels in open underground spaces of coal mines through numerical investigationAlireza Khoshmagham0Navid Hosseini Alaee1Reza Shirinabadi2Amir Hossein Bangian Tabrizi3Mehran Gholinejad4Pooria Kianoush5Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Islamic Azad UniversityAbstract The stability of rock mass roofs in open underground spaces of coal mines in Iran is a critical concern, as it can have significant implications for mine safety and productivity. The rock mass roofs are prone to degradation and failure due to various factors, including mining-induced stress, water infiltration, and mechanical damage. However, there needs to be more understanding of the time-dependent behaviors of these rock mass roofs. This study aims to investigate the time-dependent behaviors of rock mass roofs in tunnels of open underground spaces of coal mines in Iran using numerical simulations. A 3D numerical model was developed using finite element modeling. The model was validated using field measurements and laboratory tests. The study revealed that the rock mass roof exhibits significant time-dependent behavior in response to mining-induced stress, water infiltration, and mechanical damage. The results show that the rock mass roof deforms significantly over time, increasing the risk of instability and collapse. The study also investigated the influence of bedding planes and roof support on time-dependent behavior, demonstrating the importance of considering these factors in numerical simulations. A novel constitutive model was developed to represent the strain-softening behavior, creep, and relaxation of rocks, as well as strength deterioration with accumulated viscous deformation. The study identified the critical factors contributing to this deformation and instability, including high-stress zones, water infiltration pathways, and mechanical damage. The findings provide valuable insights for developing effective monitoring and mitigation strategies to ensure the safety and productivity of coal mines in Iran.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93017-1Rock bedded and massive roofTunnelsTime-dependent behaviorsNumerical investigationCoal minesUnderground spaces
spellingShingle Alireza Khoshmagham
Navid Hosseini Alaee
Reza Shirinabadi
Amir Hossein Bangian Tabrizi
Mehran Gholinejad
Pooria Kianoush
Exploring the time-dependent behaviors of the rock mass roof of tunnels in open underground spaces of coal mines through numerical investigation
Scientific Reports
Rock bedded and massive roof
Tunnels
Time-dependent behaviors
Numerical investigation
Coal mines
Underground spaces
title Exploring the time-dependent behaviors of the rock mass roof of tunnels in open underground spaces of coal mines through numerical investigation
title_full Exploring the time-dependent behaviors of the rock mass roof of tunnels in open underground spaces of coal mines through numerical investigation
title_fullStr Exploring the time-dependent behaviors of the rock mass roof of tunnels in open underground spaces of coal mines through numerical investigation
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the time-dependent behaviors of the rock mass roof of tunnels in open underground spaces of coal mines through numerical investigation
title_short Exploring the time-dependent behaviors of the rock mass roof of tunnels in open underground spaces of coal mines through numerical investigation
title_sort exploring the time dependent behaviors of the rock mass roof of tunnels in open underground spaces of coal mines through numerical investigation
topic Rock bedded and massive roof
Tunnels
Time-dependent behaviors
Numerical investigation
Coal mines
Underground spaces
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-93017-1
work_keys_str_mv AT alirezakhoshmagham exploringthetimedependentbehaviorsoftherockmassroofoftunnelsinopenundergroundspacesofcoalminesthroughnumericalinvestigation
AT navidhosseinialaee exploringthetimedependentbehaviorsoftherockmassroofoftunnelsinopenundergroundspacesofcoalminesthroughnumericalinvestigation
AT rezashirinabadi exploringthetimedependentbehaviorsoftherockmassroofoftunnelsinopenundergroundspacesofcoalminesthroughnumericalinvestigation
AT amirhosseinbangiantabrizi exploringthetimedependentbehaviorsoftherockmassroofoftunnelsinopenundergroundspacesofcoalminesthroughnumericalinvestigation
AT mehrangholinejad exploringthetimedependentbehaviorsoftherockmassroofoftunnelsinopenundergroundspacesofcoalminesthroughnumericalinvestigation
AT pooriakianoush exploringthetimedependentbehaviorsoftherockmassroofoftunnelsinopenundergroundspacesofcoalminesthroughnumericalinvestigation