Unified Model and Survey on Modulation Schemes for Next-Generation Automotive Radar Systems
Commercial automotive radar systems for advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) have relied on frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) waveforms for years due to their low-cost hardware, simple signal processing, and established academic and industrial expertise. However, FMCW systems face sev...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/8/1355 |
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| author | Moritz Kahlert Tai Fei Yuming Wang Claas Tebruegge Markus Gardill |
| author_facet | Moritz Kahlert Tai Fei Yuming Wang Claas Tebruegge Markus Gardill |
| author_sort | Moritz Kahlert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Commercial automotive radar systems for advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) have relied on frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) waveforms for years due to their low-cost hardware, simple signal processing, and established academic and industrial expertise. However, FMCW systems face several challenges, including limited unambiguous velocity, restricted multiplexing of transmit signals, and susceptibility to interference. This work introduces a unified automotive radar signal model and reviews the alternative modulation schemes such as phase-coded frequency-modulated continuous wave (PC-FMCW), phase-modulated continuous wave (PMCW), orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM), and orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS). These schemes are assessed against key technological and economic criteria and compared with FMCW, highlighting their respective strengths and limitations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-812d030bf80e44498bb94ddfd9c87aad |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-812d030bf80e44498bb94ddfd9c87aad2025-08-20T02:28:25ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-04-01178135510.3390/rs17081355Unified Model and Survey on Modulation Schemes for Next-Generation Automotive Radar SystemsMoritz Kahlert0Tai Fei1Yuming Wang2Claas Tebruegge3Markus Gardill4HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA, 59552 Lippstadt, GermanyFaculty Information Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 44139 Dortmund, GermanyFaculty Electrical Engineering, Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied Sciences, 59557 Lippstadt, GermanyHELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA, 59552 Lippstadt, GermanyFaculty of Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics, Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Campus Cottbus, Brandenburg University of Technology, 03046 Cottbus-Senftenberg, GermanyCommercial automotive radar systems for advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) have relied on frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) waveforms for years due to their low-cost hardware, simple signal processing, and established academic and industrial expertise. However, FMCW systems face several challenges, including limited unambiguous velocity, restricted multiplexing of transmit signals, and susceptibility to interference. This work introduces a unified automotive radar signal model and reviews the alternative modulation schemes such as phase-coded frequency-modulated continuous wave (PC-FMCW), phase-modulated continuous wave (PMCW), orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM), and orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS). These schemes are assessed against key technological and economic criteria and compared with FMCW, highlighting their respective strengths and limitations.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/8/1355automotive radarfrequency-modulated continuous waveorthogonal chirp-division multiplexingorthogonal frequency-division multiplexingorthogonal time frequency spacephase-coded frequency-modulated continuous wave |
| spellingShingle | Moritz Kahlert Tai Fei Yuming Wang Claas Tebruegge Markus Gardill Unified Model and Survey on Modulation Schemes for Next-Generation Automotive Radar Systems Remote Sensing automotive radar frequency-modulated continuous wave orthogonal chirp-division multiplexing orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing orthogonal time frequency space phase-coded frequency-modulated continuous wave |
| title | Unified Model and Survey on Modulation Schemes for Next-Generation Automotive Radar Systems |
| title_full | Unified Model and Survey on Modulation Schemes for Next-Generation Automotive Radar Systems |
| title_fullStr | Unified Model and Survey on Modulation Schemes for Next-Generation Automotive Radar Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unified Model and Survey on Modulation Schemes for Next-Generation Automotive Radar Systems |
| title_short | Unified Model and Survey on Modulation Schemes for Next-Generation Automotive Radar Systems |
| title_sort | unified model and survey on modulation schemes for next generation automotive radar systems |
| topic | automotive radar frequency-modulated continuous wave orthogonal chirp-division multiplexing orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing orthogonal time frequency space phase-coded frequency-modulated continuous wave |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/8/1355 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT moritzkahlert unifiedmodelandsurveyonmodulationschemesfornextgenerationautomotiveradarsystems AT taifei unifiedmodelandsurveyonmodulationschemesfornextgenerationautomotiveradarsystems AT yumingwang unifiedmodelandsurveyonmodulationschemesfornextgenerationautomotiveradarsystems AT claastebruegge unifiedmodelandsurveyonmodulationschemesfornextgenerationautomotiveradarsystems AT markusgardill unifiedmodelandsurveyonmodulationschemesfornextgenerationautomotiveradarsystems |