Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with early childhood caries in Peruvian pre-schoolers
Abstract Background Early childhood caries (ECC) is a highly prevalent oral disease among children worldwide, arising from multiple contributing factors. This study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with ECC in preschool children attending a hospital in Ica, P...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05506-4 |
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| author | Daniel José Blanco-Victorio Nieves Asteria López-Luján Walter Bernaola-Silva Luis Antonio Vicuña-Huaqui Rocio Cacñahuaray-Palomino Julissa Sarai Diaz-Campos Yeni Araceli Anicama-Barrios Zenaida Rojas-Apaza Sara Castañeda-Sarmiento Evelyn Alvarez Vidigal Roxana Patricia López-Ramos |
| author_facet | Daniel José Blanco-Victorio Nieves Asteria López-Luján Walter Bernaola-Silva Luis Antonio Vicuña-Huaqui Rocio Cacñahuaray-Palomino Julissa Sarai Diaz-Campos Yeni Araceli Anicama-Barrios Zenaida Rojas-Apaza Sara Castañeda-Sarmiento Evelyn Alvarez Vidigal Roxana Patricia López-Ramos |
| author_sort | Daniel José Blanco-Victorio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Early childhood caries (ECC) is a highly prevalent oral disease among children worldwide, arising from multiple contributing factors. This study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with ECC in preschool children attending a hospital in Ica, Peru. Methods This observational cross-sectional study involved 186 children evaluated during two dental health campaigns organised by a hospital in Ica, Peru. Oral examinations were conducted by two trained paediatric dentists, while haemoglobin levels were measured by two nurses. Mothers or caregivers completed questionnaires to provide relevant sociodemographic and behavioural data. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify variables significantly associated with ECC (p < 0.05). The maximum likelihood method was used to assess the contribution of demographic, clinical and other factors—such as oral hygiene and cariogenic diet—using odds ratios (ORs) and regression coefficients to indicate the magnitude and direction of their effects. Results The prevalence of ECC was 76.88%. Among the children, 50.54% were male, with a mean age of 4.44 ± 0.87 years. Most participants had poor oral hygiene (63.98%), while 82.26% of children with anaemia had reduced haemoglobin levels. The mean monthly family income was USD 376.35 ± 168.96. Mothers or caregivers reported brushing their children’s teeth twice daily (56.99%) and giving sweets one to two times daily (79.03%). Factors significantly associated with ECC included the child’s age (OR = 3.32; 95% CI, 1.68–6.58), haemoglobin level (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25–0.72), monthly family income (OR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.9972–0.9998) and mother/caregiver education (OR = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03–0.52). Additionally, dental brushing frequency (OR = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02–0.65) and sweet consumption (OR = 4.98; 95% CI, 1.05–23.56) were identified as associated behaviours. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that ECC is associated with a child’s age, monthly family income, mother/caregiver education level, haemoglobin level, brushing frequency and sweet consumption. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-81241981779d48588cd663c9bd9fddba |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1472-6831 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Oral Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-81241981779d48588cd663c9bd9fddba2025-01-26T12:55:24ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312025-01-0125111010.1186/s12903-025-05506-4Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with early childhood caries in Peruvian pre-schoolersDaniel José Blanco-Victorio0Nieves Asteria López-Luján1Walter Bernaola-Silva2Luis Antonio Vicuña-Huaqui3Rocio Cacñahuaray-Palomino4Julissa Sarai Diaz-Campos5Yeni Araceli Anicama-Barrios6Zenaida Rojas-Apaza7Sara Castañeda-Sarmiento8Evelyn Alvarez Vidigal9Roxana Patricia López-Ramos10Faculty of Science and Engineering, Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaHospital Santa María del SocorroHospital Regional de IcaSeguro Social de Salud-EsSaludFaculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosFaculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosDirección Regional de Salud de IcaUniversidad Norbert WienerFaculty of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosDivision of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidad Científica del SurUniversidad Científica del SurAbstract Background Early childhood caries (ECC) is a highly prevalent oral disease among children worldwide, arising from multiple contributing factors. This study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with ECC in preschool children attending a hospital in Ica, Peru. Methods This observational cross-sectional study involved 186 children evaluated during two dental health campaigns organised by a hospital in Ica, Peru. Oral examinations were conducted by two trained paediatric dentists, while haemoglobin levels were measured by two nurses. Mothers or caregivers completed questionnaires to provide relevant sociodemographic and behavioural data. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify variables significantly associated with ECC (p < 0.05). The maximum likelihood method was used to assess the contribution of demographic, clinical and other factors—such as oral hygiene and cariogenic diet—using odds ratios (ORs) and regression coefficients to indicate the magnitude and direction of their effects. Results The prevalence of ECC was 76.88%. Among the children, 50.54% were male, with a mean age of 4.44 ± 0.87 years. Most participants had poor oral hygiene (63.98%), while 82.26% of children with anaemia had reduced haemoglobin levels. The mean monthly family income was USD 376.35 ± 168.96. Mothers or caregivers reported brushing their children’s teeth twice daily (56.99%) and giving sweets one to two times daily (79.03%). Factors significantly associated with ECC included the child’s age (OR = 3.32; 95% CI, 1.68–6.58), haemoglobin level (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25–0.72), monthly family income (OR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.9972–0.9998) and mother/caregiver education (OR = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03–0.52). Additionally, dental brushing frequency (OR = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02–0.65) and sweet consumption (OR = 4.98; 95% CI, 1.05–23.56) were identified as associated behaviours. Conclusion The findings demonstrate that ECC is associated with a child’s age, monthly family income, mother/caregiver education level, haemoglobin level, brushing frequency and sweet consumption.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05506-4Dental cariesEarly childhood cariesOral healthSocioeconomic factors |
| spellingShingle | Daniel José Blanco-Victorio Nieves Asteria López-Luján Walter Bernaola-Silva Luis Antonio Vicuña-Huaqui Rocio Cacñahuaray-Palomino Julissa Sarai Diaz-Campos Yeni Araceli Anicama-Barrios Zenaida Rojas-Apaza Sara Castañeda-Sarmiento Evelyn Alvarez Vidigal Roxana Patricia López-Ramos Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with early childhood caries in Peruvian pre-schoolers BMC Oral Health Dental caries Early childhood caries Oral health Socioeconomic factors |
| title | Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with early childhood caries in Peruvian pre-schoolers |
| title_full | Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with early childhood caries in Peruvian pre-schoolers |
| title_fullStr | Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with early childhood caries in Peruvian pre-schoolers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with early childhood caries in Peruvian pre-schoolers |
| title_short | Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with early childhood caries in Peruvian pre-schoolers |
| title_sort | sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with early childhood caries in peruvian pre schoolers |
| topic | Dental caries Early childhood caries Oral health Socioeconomic factors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-05506-4 |
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