ALMA Detection of [O iii] 88 μm at z = 12.33: Exploring the Nature and Evolution of GHZ2 as a Massive Compact Stellar System
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations on the high-redshift galaxy GHZ2 and report a successful detection of the rest-frame 88 μ m atomic transition from doubly ionized oxygen at z = 12.3327 ± 0.0035. Based on these observations, combined with additional constraints on...
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2024-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad8f38 |
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| author | Jorge A. Zavala Tom Bakx Ikki Mitsuhashi Marco Castellano Antonello Calabro Hollis Akins Veronique Buat Caitlin M. Casey David Fernandez-Arenas Maximilien Franco Adriano Fontana Bunyo Hatsukade Luis C. Ho Ryota Ikeda Jeyhan Kartaltepe Anton M. Koekemoer Jed McKinney Lorenzo Napolitano Pablo G. Pérez-González Paola Santini Stephen Serjeant Elena Terlevich Roberto Terlevich L. Y. Aaron Yung |
| author_facet | Jorge A. Zavala Tom Bakx Ikki Mitsuhashi Marco Castellano Antonello Calabro Hollis Akins Veronique Buat Caitlin M. Casey David Fernandez-Arenas Maximilien Franco Adriano Fontana Bunyo Hatsukade Luis C. Ho Ryota Ikeda Jeyhan Kartaltepe Anton M. Koekemoer Jed McKinney Lorenzo Napolitano Pablo G. Pérez-González Paola Santini Stephen Serjeant Elena Terlevich Roberto Terlevich L. Y. Aaron Yung |
| author_sort | Jorge A. Zavala |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations on the high-redshift galaxy GHZ2 and report a successful detection of the rest-frame 88 μ m atomic transition from doubly ionized oxygen at z = 12.3327 ± 0.0035. Based on these observations, combined with additional constraints on the [O iii ] 52 μ m line luminosity and previous JWST data, we argue that GHZ2 is likely powered by compact and young star formation and show that it follows well-established relationships found for giant H ii regions and metal-poor star-forming dwarf galaxies that are known to host bright super star clusters. Additionally, these observations provide new constraints on the oxygen electron density (100 ≲ n _e [cm ^−3 ] ≲ 4,000) and dynamical mass ( M _dyn ≈ 3–8 × 10 ^8 M _⊙ ). The existence of these massive starburst systems 13.3 Gyr ago might explain the origin of today’s globular clusters, a long-standing question in astronomy. To test this, we present observational probes to investigate whether sources like GHZ2 are linked to the formation of today’s globular clusters or other more massive compact stellar systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8110efb8ba70405d80ff90bc16f47b94 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-8110efb8ba70405d80ff90bc16f47b942024-12-12T06:56:07ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052024-01-019771L910.3847/2041-8213/ad8f38ALMA Detection of [O iii] 88 μm at z = 12.33: Exploring the Nature and Evolution of GHZ2 as a Massive Compact Stellar SystemJorge A. Zavala0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7051-1100Tom Bakx1Ikki Mitsuhashi2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9450Marco Castellano3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9875-8263Antonello Calabro4Hollis Akins5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-8794Veronique Buat6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3441-903XCaitlin M. Casey7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0930-6466David Fernandez-Arenas8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6874-4570Maximilien Franco9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3560-8599Adriano Fontana10https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3820-2823Bunyo Hatsukade11Luis C. Ho12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6947-5846Ryota Ikeda13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2634-9169Jeyhan Kartaltepe14Anton M. Koekemoer15https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-2048Jed McKinney16https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-8178Lorenzo Napolitano17https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8951-4408Pablo G. Pérez-González18Paola Santini19https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-8705Stephen Serjeant20https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-7943Elena Terlevich21Roberto Terlevich22https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6774-3499L. Y. Aaron Yung23https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-035XNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanDepartment of Space, Earth, & Environment, Chalmers University of Technology , Chalmersplatsen 4 412 96 Gothenburg, SwedenWaseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, JapanINAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via di Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyINAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via di Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USAAix Marseille Univ , CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, FranceDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USACanada–France–Hawaii Telescope , Kamuela, HI 96743, USA; Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica , UNAM Campus Morelia, Apartado postal 3-72, 58090 Morelia, Michoacán, MexicoDepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USAINAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone, ItalyNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Institute of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015, JapanKavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of ChinaNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Astronomy, School of Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies) , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, JapanLaboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Rochester Institute of Technology , 84 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USASpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin , 2515 Speedway Boulevard Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USAINAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00078, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Sapienza , Città Universitaria di Roma - Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185, Roma, ItalyCentro de Astrobiología (CAB) , CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850, Madrid, SpainINAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via di Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, ItalySchool of Physical Sciences, The Open University , Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UKInstituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica,Tonantzintla, Puebla, México; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Facultad de Astronomía y Geofísica, Universidad de La Plata , La Plata, ArgentinaInstituto Nacional de Astrofísica , Óptica y Electrónica,Tonantzintla, Puebla, México; Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK; Facultad de Astronomía y Geofísica, Universidad de La Plata , La Plata, ArgentinaSpace Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USAWe present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations on the high-redshift galaxy GHZ2 and report a successful detection of the rest-frame 88 μ m atomic transition from doubly ionized oxygen at z = 12.3327 ± 0.0035. Based on these observations, combined with additional constraints on the [O iii ] 52 μ m line luminosity and previous JWST data, we argue that GHZ2 is likely powered by compact and young star formation and show that it follows well-established relationships found for giant H ii regions and metal-poor star-forming dwarf galaxies that are known to host bright super star clusters. Additionally, these observations provide new constraints on the oxygen electron density (100 ≲ n _e [cm ^−3 ] ≲ 4,000) and dynamical mass ( M _dyn ≈ 3–8 × 10 ^8 M _⊙ ). The existence of these massive starburst systems 13.3 Gyr ago might explain the origin of today’s globular clusters, a long-standing question in astronomy. To test this, we present observational probes to investigate whether sources like GHZ2 are linked to the formation of today’s globular clusters or other more massive compact stellar systems.https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad8f38Galaxy evolutionHigh-redshift galaxiesGalaxiesEarly universeEmission line galaxiesStarburst galaxies |
| spellingShingle | Jorge A. Zavala Tom Bakx Ikki Mitsuhashi Marco Castellano Antonello Calabro Hollis Akins Veronique Buat Caitlin M. Casey David Fernandez-Arenas Maximilien Franco Adriano Fontana Bunyo Hatsukade Luis C. Ho Ryota Ikeda Jeyhan Kartaltepe Anton M. Koekemoer Jed McKinney Lorenzo Napolitano Pablo G. Pérez-González Paola Santini Stephen Serjeant Elena Terlevich Roberto Terlevich L. Y. Aaron Yung ALMA Detection of [O iii] 88 μm at z = 12.33: Exploring the Nature and Evolution of GHZ2 as a Massive Compact Stellar System The Astrophysical Journal Letters Galaxy evolution High-redshift galaxies Galaxies Early universe Emission line galaxies Starburst galaxies |
| title | ALMA Detection of [O iii] 88 μm at z = 12.33: Exploring the Nature and Evolution of GHZ2 as a Massive Compact Stellar System |
| title_full | ALMA Detection of [O iii] 88 μm at z = 12.33: Exploring the Nature and Evolution of GHZ2 as a Massive Compact Stellar System |
| title_fullStr | ALMA Detection of [O iii] 88 μm at z = 12.33: Exploring the Nature and Evolution of GHZ2 as a Massive Compact Stellar System |
| title_full_unstemmed | ALMA Detection of [O iii] 88 μm at z = 12.33: Exploring the Nature and Evolution of GHZ2 as a Massive Compact Stellar System |
| title_short | ALMA Detection of [O iii] 88 μm at z = 12.33: Exploring the Nature and Evolution of GHZ2 as a Massive Compact Stellar System |
| title_sort | alma detection of o iii 88 μm at z 12 33 exploring the nature and evolution of ghz2 as a massive compact stellar system |
| topic | Galaxy evolution High-redshift galaxies Galaxies Early universe Emission line galaxies Starburst galaxies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad8f38 |
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