Optimizing growth conditions of Desmodesmus armatus NCIM 5583 for enhanced biodiesel production using CaO bionanocatalyst

Abstract Rising fuel security challenges can be addressed by utilizing potential and renewable energy feedstocks such as microalgae. This study focuses on biodiesel production from Desmodesmus armatus NCIM 5583 by optimizing biomass productivity and lipid content. Independent optimization experiment...

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Main Authors: Supriya Pandey, Ramesh Vinayagam, Raja Selvaraj, Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Discover Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06782-z
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author Supriya Pandey
Ramesh Vinayagam
Raja Selvaraj
Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
author_facet Supriya Pandey
Ramesh Vinayagam
Raja Selvaraj
Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
author_sort Supriya Pandey
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Rising fuel security challenges can be addressed by utilizing potential and renewable energy feedstocks such as microalgae. This study focuses on biodiesel production from Desmodesmus armatus NCIM 5583 by optimizing biomass productivity and lipid content. Independent optimization experiments were performed to study key growth parameters, viz., light intensity, photoperiod, and NaNO3 concentration. Growth conditions with 40 µmol/m2/s light intensity, 20 h L:04 h D photoperiod, and 0.25 g/L NaNO3 concentration exhibited highest biomass productivity of 26.51 ± 1.1 mg/L d and lipid yield of 45.1 ± 0.16% (w/w). Further, CaO bionanocatalyst synthesized using waste eggshells were characterized using SEM, EDX, FT-IR, and XRD. The results from SEM and EDX confirmed the structural and elemental composition of bionanocatalyst with Ca and O as the main elements. XRD revealed the crystalline nature of CaO with a particle size of 28.74 nm. Lipid transesterification using the synthesized catalyst yielded 84 ± 0.2% (w/w) FAME and was analyzed using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GC–MS. The results confirmed the presence of the methyl ester group, implying the conversion of microalgal lipids to biodiesel. The findings from this study demonstrate the potential of D. armatus for biodiesel production and the application of waste eggshells as transesterification catalysts.
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spelling doaj-art-8110244357954a5d9892801f4e8d222e2025-08-20T02:28:04ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-04-017411510.1007/s42452-025-06782-zOptimizing growth conditions of Desmodesmus armatus NCIM 5583 for enhanced biodiesel production using CaO bionanocatalystSupriya Pandey0Ramesh Vinayagam1Raja Selvaraj2Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan3Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationDepartment of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationAbstract Rising fuel security challenges can be addressed by utilizing potential and renewable energy feedstocks such as microalgae. This study focuses on biodiesel production from Desmodesmus armatus NCIM 5583 by optimizing biomass productivity and lipid content. Independent optimization experiments were performed to study key growth parameters, viz., light intensity, photoperiod, and NaNO3 concentration. Growth conditions with 40 µmol/m2/s light intensity, 20 h L:04 h D photoperiod, and 0.25 g/L NaNO3 concentration exhibited highest biomass productivity of 26.51 ± 1.1 mg/L d and lipid yield of 45.1 ± 0.16% (w/w). Further, CaO bionanocatalyst synthesized using waste eggshells were characterized using SEM, EDX, FT-IR, and XRD. The results from SEM and EDX confirmed the structural and elemental composition of bionanocatalyst with Ca and O as the main elements. XRD revealed the crystalline nature of CaO with a particle size of 28.74 nm. Lipid transesterification using the synthesized catalyst yielded 84 ± 0.2% (w/w) FAME and was analyzed using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and GC–MS. The results confirmed the presence of the methyl ester group, implying the conversion of microalgal lipids to biodiesel. The findings from this study demonstrate the potential of D. armatus for biodiesel production and the application of waste eggshells as transesterification catalysts.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06782-zDesmodesmus armatusBiodieselLight intensityPhotoperiodNitrogen stressBionanocatalyst
spellingShingle Supriya Pandey
Ramesh Vinayagam
Raja Selvaraj
Thivaharan Varadavenkatesan
Optimizing growth conditions of Desmodesmus armatus NCIM 5583 for enhanced biodiesel production using CaO bionanocatalyst
Discover Applied Sciences
Desmodesmus armatus
Biodiesel
Light intensity
Photoperiod
Nitrogen stress
Bionanocatalyst
title Optimizing growth conditions of Desmodesmus armatus NCIM 5583 for enhanced biodiesel production using CaO bionanocatalyst
title_full Optimizing growth conditions of Desmodesmus armatus NCIM 5583 for enhanced biodiesel production using CaO bionanocatalyst
title_fullStr Optimizing growth conditions of Desmodesmus armatus NCIM 5583 for enhanced biodiesel production using CaO bionanocatalyst
title_full_unstemmed Optimizing growth conditions of Desmodesmus armatus NCIM 5583 for enhanced biodiesel production using CaO bionanocatalyst
title_short Optimizing growth conditions of Desmodesmus armatus NCIM 5583 for enhanced biodiesel production using CaO bionanocatalyst
title_sort optimizing growth conditions of desmodesmus armatus ncim 5583 for enhanced biodiesel production using cao bionanocatalyst
topic Desmodesmus armatus
Biodiesel
Light intensity
Photoperiod
Nitrogen stress
Bionanocatalyst
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06782-z
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