. Arachis genetic resources: evaluation of peanut smut resistance in wild species

Genetic resources are essential for crop improvement. Particularly, wild species related to peanuts are an important source of resistance to various factors. Thecaphora frezii, a pathogen causing peanut smut, leads to yield losses in Argentina’s peanut sector up to 35%. This study evaluated the...

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Main Authors: Melina Hebelen Rosso, Damián Francisco Giordano, Claudio Marcelo Oddino, Alejandra Vanina García, Sara Josefina Soave, Juan Soave, Graciela Ines Lavia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo 2025-06-01
Series:Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
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Online Access:https://revistas.uncu.edu.ar/ojs3/index.php/RFCA/article/view/8118
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author Melina Hebelen Rosso
Damián Francisco Giordano
Claudio Marcelo Oddino
Alejandra Vanina García
Sara Josefina Soave
Juan Soave
Graciela Ines Lavia
author_facet Melina Hebelen Rosso
Damián Francisco Giordano
Claudio Marcelo Oddino
Alejandra Vanina García
Sara Josefina Soave
Juan Soave
Graciela Ines Lavia
author_sort Melina Hebelen Rosso
collection DOAJ
description Genetic resources are essential for crop improvement. Particularly, wild species related to peanuts are an important source of resistance to various factors. Thecaphora frezii, a pathogen causing peanut smut, leads to yield losses in Argentina’s peanut sector up to 35%. This study evaluated the response of 11 diploid species with A, B, F and K genomes, A. monticola (AABB), and diploid interspecific hybrids (BB), to T. frezii over two cropping seasons. Plants were grown in 20L pots (three replicates each) under field conditions and inoculated with teliospores of the pathogen (20,000 tel./g of soil). The disease was quantified through incidence (% of diseased pods) and severity (scale from 0 to 4). Among A genome species, A. duranensis exhibited the highest incidence at 15.27%; for K genome species, A. batizocoi reached 13.18%. Resistance to T. frezii was observed in the wild species A. diogoi and A. stenosperma (A genome), A. williamsii (B genome), A. trinitensis (F genome), A. cruziana (K genome), and the intragenomic hybrids, constituting new records. Our findings expand the peanut gene pool information for breeders and identify resistant genotypes, supporting the need to preserve wild peanut germplasm to ensure its availability. Highlights: • Arachis species with B and F genomes displayed resistance to peanut smut, while AA and KK genome species exhibited varying susceptibility. • Genotypes resistant to Tecaphora frezii were identified, expanding the peanut gene pool available for developing resistant genotypes. • Wild Arachis species constitute important sources of alleles to diversify A. hypogaea genome and enhance resistance to multiple diseases, including peanut smut. • Careful conservation of wild groundnut germplasm is crucial to ensure its availability for future breeding efforts.  
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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spelling doaj-art-81028fa7328a401fa704de77930a3d772025-08-20T02:20:44ZengFacultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de CuyoRevista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias0370-46611853-86652025-06-0157110.48162/rev.39.164. Arachis genetic resources: evaluation of peanut smut resistance in wild speciesMelina Hebelen Rosso0Damián Francisco Giordano1Claudio Marcelo Oddino2Alejandra Vanina García3Sara Josefina Soave4Juan Soave5Graciela Ines Lavia6Criadero El Carmen. Av. Italia 871. C. P. 5809. General Cabrera. Córdoba. ArgentinaIMICO, CONICET- UNRC. RN 36 Km 601. C. P. 5804. Río Cuarto. Córdoba. ArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria. RN 36 Km 601. C. P. 5804. Río Cuarto. Córdoba. ArgentinaIBONE, CONICET - UNNE. Sargento Juan Bautista Cabral 2131. C. P. 3400. Corrientes. ArgentinaCriadero El Carmen. Av. Italia 871. C. P. 5809. General Cabrera. Córdoba. ArgentinaCriadero El Carmen. Av. Italia 871. C. P. 5809. General Cabrera. Córdoba. ArgentinaIBONE, CONICET - UNNE. Sargento Juan Bautista Cabral 2131. C. P. 3400. Corrientes. Argentina Genetic resources are essential for crop improvement. Particularly, wild species related to peanuts are an important source of resistance to various factors. Thecaphora frezii, a pathogen causing peanut smut, leads to yield losses in Argentina’s peanut sector up to 35%. This study evaluated the response of 11 diploid species with A, B, F and K genomes, A. monticola (AABB), and diploid interspecific hybrids (BB), to T. frezii over two cropping seasons. Plants were grown in 20L pots (three replicates each) under field conditions and inoculated with teliospores of the pathogen (20,000 tel./g of soil). The disease was quantified through incidence (% of diseased pods) and severity (scale from 0 to 4). Among A genome species, A. duranensis exhibited the highest incidence at 15.27%; for K genome species, A. batizocoi reached 13.18%. Resistance to T. frezii was observed in the wild species A. diogoi and A. stenosperma (A genome), A. williamsii (B genome), A. trinitensis (F genome), A. cruziana (K genome), and the intragenomic hybrids, constituting new records. Our findings expand the peanut gene pool information for breeders and identify resistant genotypes, supporting the need to preserve wild peanut germplasm to ensure its availability. Highlights: • Arachis species with B and F genomes displayed resistance to peanut smut, while AA and KK genome species exhibited varying susceptibility. • Genotypes resistant to Tecaphora frezii were identified, expanding the peanut gene pool available for developing resistant genotypes. • Wild Arachis species constitute important sources of alleles to diversify A. hypogaea genome and enhance resistance to multiple diseases, including peanut smut. • Careful conservation of wild groundnut germplasm is crucial to ensure its availability for future breeding efforts.   https://revistas.uncu.edu.ar/ojs3/index.php/RFCA/article/view/8118Thecaphora freziiArachis hypogaeawild peanutresistancegenomes
spellingShingle Melina Hebelen Rosso
Damián Francisco Giordano
Claudio Marcelo Oddino
Alejandra Vanina García
Sara Josefina Soave
Juan Soave
Graciela Ines Lavia
. Arachis genetic resources: evaluation of peanut smut resistance in wild species
Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias
Thecaphora frezii
Arachis hypogaea
wild peanut
resistance
genomes
title . Arachis genetic resources: evaluation of peanut smut resistance in wild species
title_full . Arachis genetic resources: evaluation of peanut smut resistance in wild species
title_fullStr . Arachis genetic resources: evaluation of peanut smut resistance in wild species
title_full_unstemmed . Arachis genetic resources: evaluation of peanut smut resistance in wild species
title_short . Arachis genetic resources: evaluation of peanut smut resistance in wild species
title_sort arachis genetic resources evaluation of peanut smut resistance in wild species
topic Thecaphora frezii
Arachis hypogaea
wild peanut
resistance
genomes
url https://revistas.uncu.edu.ar/ojs3/index.php/RFCA/article/view/8118
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