Prediction of canopy mean traits in herbaceous plants by the UAV multispectral data: The quest for a better leaf-to-canopy upscaling method

Imaging spectroscopy has become a pivotal technique for estimating plant traits at the canopy scale. Accurate trait prediction is critical for biodiversity conservation, yet research on canopy traits in heterogeneous wetlands with complex species mixtures remains scarce. While the Community-Weighted...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yuanqi Shan, Yunlong Yao, Lei Wang, Zhihui Wang, Huaihu Yi, Yi Fu, Weineng Li, Xuguang Zhang, Wenji Wang, Zhongwei Jing
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569843225002973
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849423244900171776
author Yuanqi Shan
Yunlong Yao
Lei Wang
Zhihui Wang
Huaihu Yi
Yi Fu
Weineng Li
Xuguang Zhang
Wenji Wang
Zhongwei Jing
author_facet Yuanqi Shan
Yunlong Yao
Lei Wang
Zhihui Wang
Huaihu Yi
Yi Fu
Weineng Li
Xuguang Zhang
Wenji Wang
Zhongwei Jing
author_sort Yuanqi Shan
collection DOAJ
description Imaging spectroscopy has become a pivotal technique for estimating plant traits at the canopy scale. Accurate trait prediction is critical for biodiversity conservation, yet research on canopy traits in heterogeneous wetlands with complex species mixtures remains scarce. While the Community-Weighted Mean (CWM) method has been widely used for upscaling leaf traits to the canopy level, it often suffers from low model precision, and the suitability of alternative upscaling methods for predicting canopy mean traits using imaging spectroscopy remains uncertain. This study proposed a novel approach for calculating canopy mean traits using the geometric mean method and compared its performance to that of the CWM methods in combination with three modeling algorithms Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Random Forest regression (RF), and Support Vector Machine regression (SVM). The accuracy was evaluated by exploring the predictive ability for nine canopy mean traits by using high spatial resolution UAV multispectral data. The analysis focuses on a wetland ecosystem characterized by high species diversity and hydrological variability, where precise plant trait estimation is essential for ecological process modeling. The results demonstrated that the geometric mean method yielded the highest validation accuracy for most canopy mean traits when paired with the SVM model (e.g., R2 for N = 0.64, SLA = 0.38, and cellulose = 0.33). Notably, the geometric mean method, combined with UAV multispectral data, significantly enhanced the predictive performance for N, surpassing even that of hyperspectral data. This study underscores the potential of the geometric mean method for upscaling leaf traits to canopy traits. These findings contribute to advancing the prediction accuracy of plant functional traits through remote sensing techniques, while future studies may explore the integration of deep learning methods.
format Article
id doaj-art-80fc12b7cf1c44cc9b8b197357c44fba
institution Kabale University
issn 1569-8432
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation
spelling doaj-art-80fc12b7cf1c44cc9b8b197357c44fba2025-08-20T03:30:43ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation1569-84322025-07-0114110465010.1016/j.jag.2025.104650Prediction of canopy mean traits in herbaceous plants by the UAV multispectral data: The quest for a better leaf-to-canopy upscaling methodYuanqi Shan0Yunlong Yao1Lei Wang2Zhihui Wang3Huaihu Yi4Yi Fu5Weineng Li6Xuguang Zhang7Wenji Wang8Zhongwei Jing9Wetland biodiversity conservation and research center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District; College of Wildlife and Protected, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang DistrictWetland biodiversity conservation and research center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District; College of Wildlife and Protected, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District; Corresponding author.College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang DistrictGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, ChinaWetland biodiversity conservation and research center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District; College of Wildlife and Protected, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang DistrictWetland biodiversity conservation and research center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District; College of Wildlife and Protected, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang DistrictWetland biodiversity conservation and research center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District; College of Wildlife and Protected, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang DistrictWetland biodiversity conservation and research center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District; College of Wildlife and Protected, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang DistrictWetland biodiversity conservation and research center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District; College of Wildlife and Protected, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang DistrictWetland biodiversity conservation and research center, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang District; College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China, No.26 Hexing Road, Xiangfang DistrictImaging spectroscopy has become a pivotal technique for estimating plant traits at the canopy scale. Accurate trait prediction is critical for biodiversity conservation, yet research on canopy traits in heterogeneous wetlands with complex species mixtures remains scarce. While the Community-Weighted Mean (CWM) method has been widely used for upscaling leaf traits to the canopy level, it often suffers from low model precision, and the suitability of alternative upscaling methods for predicting canopy mean traits using imaging spectroscopy remains uncertain. This study proposed a novel approach for calculating canopy mean traits using the geometric mean method and compared its performance to that of the CWM methods in combination with three modeling algorithms Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Random Forest regression (RF), and Support Vector Machine regression (SVM). The accuracy was evaluated by exploring the predictive ability for nine canopy mean traits by using high spatial resolution UAV multispectral data. The analysis focuses on a wetland ecosystem characterized by high species diversity and hydrological variability, where precise plant trait estimation is essential for ecological process modeling. The results demonstrated that the geometric mean method yielded the highest validation accuracy for most canopy mean traits when paired with the SVM model (e.g., R2 for N = 0.64, SLA = 0.38, and cellulose = 0.33). Notably, the geometric mean method, combined with UAV multispectral data, significantly enhanced the predictive performance for N, surpassing even that of hyperspectral data. This study underscores the potential of the geometric mean method for upscaling leaf traits to canopy traits. These findings contribute to advancing the prediction accuracy of plant functional traits through remote sensing techniques, while future studies may explore the integration of deep learning methods.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569843225002973Geometric meanMultispectralLeaf-to-canopy upscaling methodCanopy mean traitSVM
spellingShingle Yuanqi Shan
Yunlong Yao
Lei Wang
Zhihui Wang
Huaihu Yi
Yi Fu
Weineng Li
Xuguang Zhang
Wenji Wang
Zhongwei Jing
Prediction of canopy mean traits in herbaceous plants by the UAV multispectral data: The quest for a better leaf-to-canopy upscaling method
International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation
Geometric mean
Multispectral
Leaf-to-canopy upscaling method
Canopy mean trait
SVM
title Prediction of canopy mean traits in herbaceous plants by the UAV multispectral data: The quest for a better leaf-to-canopy upscaling method
title_full Prediction of canopy mean traits in herbaceous plants by the UAV multispectral data: The quest for a better leaf-to-canopy upscaling method
title_fullStr Prediction of canopy mean traits in herbaceous plants by the UAV multispectral data: The quest for a better leaf-to-canopy upscaling method
title_full_unstemmed Prediction of canopy mean traits in herbaceous plants by the UAV multispectral data: The quest for a better leaf-to-canopy upscaling method
title_short Prediction of canopy mean traits in herbaceous plants by the UAV multispectral data: The quest for a better leaf-to-canopy upscaling method
title_sort prediction of canopy mean traits in herbaceous plants by the uav multispectral data the quest for a better leaf to canopy upscaling method
topic Geometric mean
Multispectral
Leaf-to-canopy upscaling method
Canopy mean trait
SVM
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569843225002973
work_keys_str_mv AT yuanqishan predictionofcanopymeantraitsinherbaceousplantsbytheuavmultispectraldatathequestforabetterleaftocanopyupscalingmethod
AT yunlongyao predictionofcanopymeantraitsinherbaceousplantsbytheuavmultispectraldatathequestforabetterleaftocanopyupscalingmethod
AT leiwang predictionofcanopymeantraitsinherbaceousplantsbytheuavmultispectraldatathequestforabetterleaftocanopyupscalingmethod
AT zhihuiwang predictionofcanopymeantraitsinherbaceousplantsbytheuavmultispectraldatathequestforabetterleaftocanopyupscalingmethod
AT huaihuyi predictionofcanopymeantraitsinherbaceousplantsbytheuavmultispectraldatathequestforabetterleaftocanopyupscalingmethod
AT yifu predictionofcanopymeantraitsinherbaceousplantsbytheuavmultispectraldatathequestforabetterleaftocanopyupscalingmethod
AT weinengli predictionofcanopymeantraitsinherbaceousplantsbytheuavmultispectraldatathequestforabetterleaftocanopyupscalingmethod
AT xuguangzhang predictionofcanopymeantraitsinherbaceousplantsbytheuavmultispectraldatathequestforabetterleaftocanopyupscalingmethod
AT wenjiwang predictionofcanopymeantraitsinherbaceousplantsbytheuavmultispectraldatathequestforabetterleaftocanopyupscalingmethod
AT zhongweijing predictionofcanopymeantraitsinherbaceousplantsbytheuavmultispectraldatathequestforabetterleaftocanopyupscalingmethod