Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Retrospective Monocenter Analysis
(1) Background: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with thrombotic events and the laboratory identification of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), in which lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL), and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies are included. The aim of the current retrospect...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease |
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| author | Paschalis Evangelidis Nikolaos Kotsiou Panagiotis Kalmoukos Zacharo Ntova Theodosia Papadopoulou Sofia Chissan Anastasia Sarvani Styliani Kokoris Elisavet Grouzi Michael Doumas Sofia Vakalopoulou Eleni Gavriilaki |
| author_facet | Paschalis Evangelidis Nikolaos Kotsiou Panagiotis Kalmoukos Zacharo Ntova Theodosia Papadopoulou Sofia Chissan Anastasia Sarvani Styliani Kokoris Elisavet Grouzi Michael Doumas Sofia Vakalopoulou Eleni Gavriilaki |
| author_sort | Paschalis Evangelidis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with thrombotic events and the laboratory identification of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), in which lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL), and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies are included. The aim of the current retrospective study is to examine clinical characteristics and risk factors of ischemic stroke as a clinical manifestation of APS. (2) Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with APS between 1 January 2009 and 1 June 2024 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Sydney-revised Sapporo criteria were used for the diagnosis of APS, while ischemic stroke was diagnosed based on the acute onset of focal neurologic deficits and confirmed with radiological findings. (3) Results: We studied 115 patients with APS. Specifically, 28 (24.35%) patients, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 54 (±12.5), had ischemic stroke as a clinical manifestation of APS. In univariate analysis, stroke development was associated with the following factors: age (<i>p</i> < 0.001), livedo reticularis (<i>p</i> = 0.046), avascular necrosis (AVN) (<i>p</i> = 0.046), hypertension (<i>p</i> < 0.001), dyslipidemia (<i>p</i> = 0.013), aCL IgG (U/L) antibodies title (<i>p</i> = 0.035), and adjusted global APS score (aGAPSS) (<i>p</i> = 0.047), while in multivariate analysis, it was associated with age (<i>p</i> = 0.006), hypertension (<i>p</i> < 0.001), AVN (<i>p</i> = 0.006), livedo reticularis (<i>p</i> = 0.035), aCL IgG title (<i>p</i> = 0.004), and aGAPSS (<i>p</i> = 0.002). (4) Conclusions: Stroke is a common initial manifestation of APS, with cardiovascular risk factors, particularly hypertension, being highly prevalent. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-80fb8c451e0d4f51b6f96a1d20ec5c5b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2308-3425 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-80fb8c451e0d4f51b6f96a1d20ec5c5b2025-08-20T03:14:35ZengMDPI AGJournal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease2308-34252025-05-0112518310.3390/jcdd12050183Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Retrospective Monocenter AnalysisPaschalis Evangelidis0Nikolaos Kotsiou1Panagiotis Kalmoukos2Zacharo Ntova3Theodosia Papadopoulou4Sofia Chissan5Anastasia Sarvani6Styliani Kokoris7Elisavet Grouzi8Michael Doumas9Sofia Vakalopoulou10Eleni Gavriilaki11Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, GreeceSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, GreeceSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, GreeceSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, GreeceSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, GreeceSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, GreeceSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Hematology and Blood Bank Unit, “Attikon” University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Transfusion Service and Clinical Hemostasis, “Saint Savvas” Oncology Hospital, 11522 Athens, GreeceSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, GreeceSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, GreeceSecond Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece(1) Background: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is associated with thrombotic events and the laboratory identification of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), in which lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL), and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies are included. The aim of the current retrospective study is to examine clinical characteristics and risk factors of ischemic stroke as a clinical manifestation of APS. (2) Methods: Adult patients diagnosed with APS between 1 January 2009 and 1 June 2024 were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Sydney-revised Sapporo criteria were used for the diagnosis of APS, while ischemic stroke was diagnosed based on the acute onset of focal neurologic deficits and confirmed with radiological findings. (3) Results: We studied 115 patients with APS. Specifically, 28 (24.35%) patients, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 54 (±12.5), had ischemic stroke as a clinical manifestation of APS. In univariate analysis, stroke development was associated with the following factors: age (<i>p</i> < 0.001), livedo reticularis (<i>p</i> = 0.046), avascular necrosis (AVN) (<i>p</i> = 0.046), hypertension (<i>p</i> < 0.001), dyslipidemia (<i>p</i> = 0.013), aCL IgG (U/L) antibodies title (<i>p</i> = 0.035), and adjusted global APS score (aGAPSS) (<i>p</i> = 0.047), while in multivariate analysis, it was associated with age (<i>p</i> = 0.006), hypertension (<i>p</i> < 0.001), AVN (<i>p</i> = 0.006), livedo reticularis (<i>p</i> = 0.035), aCL IgG title (<i>p</i> = 0.004), and aGAPSS (<i>p</i> = 0.002). (4) Conclusions: Stroke is a common initial manifestation of APS, with cardiovascular risk factors, particularly hypertension, being highly prevalent.https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/5/183acute ischemic strokeaGAPSSantiphospholipid syndromehypertensionthrombosis |
| spellingShingle | Paschalis Evangelidis Nikolaos Kotsiou Panagiotis Kalmoukos Zacharo Ntova Theodosia Papadopoulou Sofia Chissan Anastasia Sarvani Styliani Kokoris Elisavet Grouzi Michael Doumas Sofia Vakalopoulou Eleni Gavriilaki Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Retrospective Monocenter Analysis Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease acute ischemic stroke aGAPSS antiphospholipid syndrome hypertension thrombosis |
| title | Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Retrospective Monocenter Analysis |
| title_full | Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Retrospective Monocenter Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Retrospective Monocenter Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Retrospective Monocenter Analysis |
| title_short | Prevalence and Risk Factors of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Retrospective Monocenter Analysis |
| title_sort | prevalence and risk factors of acute ischemic stroke in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome a retrospective monocenter analysis |
| topic | acute ischemic stroke aGAPSS antiphospholipid syndrome hypertension thrombosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/12/5/183 |
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